Birds of India - The New Synopsis

A complete checklist of bird species and subspecies found in India

Anseriformes (Waterfowl)

Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, and Swans)

• Dendrocygna Swainson, 1837 On the Natural History and Classification of Birds 2, p. 365 Anas arcuata Horsfield, 1824; Type by subsequent designation (Eyton, 1838, Monograph on the Anatidae, p.28)
  • 1. Fulvous Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna bicolor (Vieillot, 1816) [HB#89]
    Original Description: Anas bicolor Vieillot, 1816 Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle p.136
    Alternative Names: Large Whistling Teal
    Distribution: Plains of NE India, W Bengal, Bihar, eastern coastal plains, and Telangana; straggling to W India till E Gujarat; also parts of Deccan, and Gangetic plains.
    Specimens: ZSI, NHMUK, AMNH, MCZ, ROM, YPM, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-I. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 2. Lesser Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna javanica (Horsfield, 1821) [HB#88]
    Original Description: Anas Javanica Horsfield, 1821 Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13, p.199
    Alternative Names: Lesser Whistling Teal, Tree Duck
    Distribution: Throughout India including Andaman & Nicobar Is. but except W Thar desert and the high Himalaya.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, TNHM, HYD, LKO, FTLB, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
• Nettapus Brandt, 1836 Descriptiones et icones animalium Rossicorum novorum vel minus rite cognitorum Fasciculus I Aves 1: 5 Anas madagascariensis Gmelin, 1789; Type by tautonymy = Anas aurita Boddaert, 1783
  • 3. Cotton Pygmy-Goose Nettapus coromandelianus (Gmelin, 1789)
    Alternative Names: Cotton Teal
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-I. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 3a. Nettapus coromandelianus coromandelianus (Gmelin, 1789) [HB#114]
      Original Description: Anas coromandeliana Gmelin, 1789 Systema Naturae ed. 13, vol. 1, part 2 1 pt2 p.522 (Coromandel, India)
      Distribution: Throughout India except in Himalaya and the drier parts of Thar desert; Andaman Is; straggler in Jammu & Kashmir.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, YPM, TNHM, HYD
  
  
• Oxyura Bonaparte, 1828 Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 2: 390 Anas rubidus Wilson, 1814; Type by monotypy = Anas jamaicensis Gmelin, 1789
  • 4. White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala (Scopoli, 1769) [HB#123]
    Original Description: Anas leucocephala Scopoli, 1769 Annus I. Historico- Naturalis p.65
    Alternative Names: White-headed Stiff-tailed Duck
    Distribution: Winter: Mostly Punjab and straggling to W Bengal but also historical records from Jammu & Kashmir, Haryana, Delhi, and Uttar Pradesh.
    Specimens: ZSI, USNM
    IUCN: Endangered. WLPA: Schedule-I. CITES: Appendix II. CMS: Appendix I.
    Notes: See Ritschard & Taschler (2009, JBNHS 105 (1): 95).
  
  
• Cygnus Bechstein, 1803 Ornithologisches Taschenbuch von und für Deutschland 2: 404 Anas olor Gmelin, 1789; Type by monotypy
  • 5. Mute Swan Cygnus olor (Gmelin, 1789) [HB#87]
    Original Description: Anas Olor Gmelin, 1789 Systema Naturae ed. 13 vol. 1, part 2 1 pt2 p.502
    Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Gilgit (Historical).
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Praveen et al. (2014, IB 9 (5&6): 113). Historical specimen from Chilas (McMahon 1899, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 68 (2): 109) not located.
  
  
  • 6. Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus (Ord, 1815)
    Original Description: Anas Columbianus Ord, 1815 A new geographical, historical, and commercial grammar; and present state of the several kingdoms of the world. Second American ed. Vol. 2. ed.2(Am.), 2 p.319
    Alternative Names: Bewick's Swan C. [c.] bewickii
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 6a. Cygnus columbianus bewickii Yarrell, 1830 [HB#84]
      Original Description: Cygnus Bewickii Yarrell, 1830 The Zoological Journal 5 p.133, note
      Taxonomy: Sometimes bewickii elevated to a species with name Tundra Swan.
      Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Srinagar (Kashmir), Sonipat (Haryana), Kaziranga (Assam), and Bhuj (Gujarat)
      Specimens: BNHS
      Notes: See Praveen et al. (2014, IB 9 (5&6): 114)
  
  
  • 7. Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#86]
    Original Description: Anas Cygnus Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10, p.122
    Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Dhara Shikoh Bagh (Jammu & Kashmir), Pong (Himachal), Talwara (Punjab), and Khetri (Rajasthan).
    Specimens: BNHS
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Praveen et al. (2014, IB 9 (5&6): 114).
  
  
• Branta Scopoli, 1769 Annus I. Historico- Naturalis 67 Anas berincla Linnaeus, 1758; Type by subsequent designation (Bannister, 1870, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, p.131)
  • 8. Red-breasted Goose Branta ruficollis (Pallas, 1769) [HB#75]
    Original Description: Anser ruficollis Pallas, 1769 Spicilegia Zoologica fasc.6 p.21 pl.4
    Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Haiderpur (Uttar Pradesh), Pong (Himachal), and large wetlands east of Ahmedabad (Gujarat) including Little Rann of Kachchh.
    IUCN: Vulnerable. WLPA: Schedule-II. CITES: Appendix II. CMS: Appendix I.
    Notes: See Panwar & Panwar (2014, IB 9 (4): 99), Abhinav et al. (2018, IB 14 (5): 136), and Alvani & Multani (2021, FL 19 (1): 5). Though claimed to have been collected by Baker from Assam, they have not been located in any museums (Praveen et al. 2014, IB 9 (5&6): 114).
  
  
  • 9. Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis (Bechstein, 1803)
    Original Description: Anas leucopsis Bechstein, 1803 Ornithologisches Taschenbuch von und für Deutschland (etc.) 2 p.424
    Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Mote Majra and Rupnagar (Punjab).
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Recent addition. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Bansal & Singh (2004, IB 19 (6): 191).
  
  
• Anser Brisson, 1760 Ornithologia I:58, 6:261 Anser anser Linnaeus, 1758; Type by tautonymy = Anser domestica Linneaus, 1758
  • 10. Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus (Latham, 1790) [HB#82]
    Original Description: Anas indica Latham, 1790 Index Ornithologicus p.839 (India)
    Distribution: Breeding: Ladakh. Non-breeding: Throughout India excluding the hill tracts.
    Specimens: BNHS, UMZC, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, YPM, LKO, FTLB, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 11. Greylag Goose Anser anser (Linnaeus, 1758)
    Original Description: Anas Anser Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.123
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 11a. Anser anser rubrirostris Swinhoe, 1871 [HB#81]
      Original Description: Anser cinereus var. rubrirostris Swinhoe, 1871 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 2 p.416
      Distribution: Non-breeding: Throughout India except S India where it is a straggler to Karnataka, Telangana, and Tamil Nadu.
      Specimens: BNHS, FTLB
  
  
  • 12. Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#80]
    Original Description: Anas erythropus Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10 1, p.123
    Distribution: Winter: Indo-Gangetic and Brahmaputra plains, and straggling to Gujarat and Karnataka.
    Specimens: NHMUK
    IUCN: Vulnerable. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix I.
  
  
  • 13. Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons (Scopoli, 1769)
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 13a. Anser albifrons albifrons (Scopoli, 1769) [HB#79]
      Original Description: Branta albifrons Scopoli, 1769 Annus I. Historico- Naturalis p.69
      Distribution: Winter: Throughout N, W, and E India. Straggler to C and S India to the states of Odisha, Maharashtra, and Karnataka.
      Specimens: BNHS, YPM, LKO
  
  
  • 14. Tundra Bean-Goose Anser serrirostris Gould, 1852
    Taxonomy: Not always recognised as a species. Sometimes both subspecies under this species are lumped under A. fabalis. However, birds belonging to the 'Tundra' complex are now reported annually during winter.
    IUCN: Not Recognised. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • [Anser serrirostris rossicus Buturlin, 1933 [HB#77]]
      Original Description: Anser (Melanonyx) serrirostris rossicus Buturlin, 1933 Opredelitel Promyslovykh Ptits p.60
      Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Tumariya (Uttarakhand).
      Notes: It is not possible to safely eliminate this taxon based on photos but the bird in (Bhattacharjee (2013, IB 8 (2): 46) has been claimed to be this taxon.
    • 14a. Anser serrirostris serrirostris Gould, 1852
      Original Description: Anser segetum var. serrirostris Gould, 1852 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 2 p.417
      Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Ladakh, Gharana (Jammu), Sariska (Rajasthan), Gajoldoba (Bengal), Maguri, Kaziranga, and Pabitora (last three in Assam), and E Arunachal.
      Notes: Most photographic records of 'Tundra' type birds wintering in India (Sangha 2015, IB 10 (3&4): 94; Das 2016, IB 11 (1): 28A; Biswas 2017, IB 12 (6): 176A) are believed to be this taxon. They breed east of Taimyr peninsula in the Tundra region (Reeber 2018, Waterfowl of North America, Europe, and Asia).
  
  
  • 15. Taiga Bean-Goose Anser fabalis (Latham, 1787)
    Alternative Names: Bean Goose (with A. serrirostris)
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 15a. Anser fabalis fabalis (Latham, 1787)
      Original Description: Anas Fabalis Latham, 1787 Supplement to the general synopsis of birds p.297
      Taxonomy: IOC, eBird/Clements, and Avilist accept johanseni Delacour 1951 and that subspecies could be more likely in the region. Distinction clinal and hence impossible to be sure if those birds are involved in any of the Indian records. Here, johanseni treated as a synonym of the nominate subspecies.
      Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Harike (Punjab), Manipur, and Bhigwan (Maharashtra).
      Specimens: BNHS
      Notes: Some records possibly from this population (Praveen et al. 2014, IB 9 (5&6): 116; Bhoi et al. 2022, IB 18 (2): 36).
    • [Anser fabalis middendorffii Severtsov, 1873 [HB#76]]
      Original Description: Anser Middendorffii Severtsov, 1873 Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii 8 pt2, p.70,149
      Taxonomy: New name for Anser grandis Middendorff, 1853. Ruokonen et al. (2008, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48 (2): 554) found this subspecies to be genetically distinct from other Bean Geese.
      Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Dibru-Saikhowa (Assam).
      Notes: See Robson (2007, BA 8: 90) and Praveen et al. (2014, IB 9 (5&6): 116) for the details of the sight record.
  
  
• Aix Boie, 1828 Isis 21, col. 329 Anas sponsa Linnaeus, 1758; Type by subsequent designation (Eyton, 1838, Monograph on the Anatidae, p.35)
  • 16. Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#113]
    Original Description: Anas galericulata Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10, p.128
    Distribution: Winter: Arunachal, Assam, and Manipur. Straggler to Little Andaman.
    Specimens: BNHS, AMNH, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Ahmed & Rajpoot (2021, IB 17 (4): 123).
  
  
• Tadorna Boie, 1822 Tagebuch Reise Norwegen p.140, p.351 Anas familiaris Boie, 1822; Type by tautonymy = Anas tadorna Linneaus, 1758
  • 17. Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#91]
    Original Description: Anas Tadorna Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10, p.122
    Distribution: Winter: N, W, and E India. Straggler to C India and absent in S India, south of Goa-Ongole axis.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, FMNH, YPM, LKO, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 18. Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas, 1764) [HB#90]
    Original Description: Anas ferruginea Pallas, 1764 Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.5 no.358
    Alternative Names: Brahminy Duck
    Distribution: Breeding: Ladakh and also trans-Himalaya of Himachal, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal. Non-breeding: Throughout India.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
• Clangula Leach, 1819 A Voyage of Discovery 2 p. xlviii Anas glacialis Linnaeus, 1766; Type by monotypy = Anas hyemalis Linneaus, 1758
  • 19. Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#117]
    Original Description: Anas hyemalis Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10 1, p.126
    Alternative Names: Old Squaw
    Distribution: Vagrant. Reports mostly along the Himalaya and terai – from Pangong Tso (Ladakh), Hokersar (historical), Wular, and Gharana (all three Jammu & Kashmir), Pong (Himachal), Harike (Punjab), Asan Barrage (Uttarakhand), Gajoldoba (W Bengal), Pasighat (Arunachal, historical), and Umiam (Meghalaya).
    IUCN: Vulnerable. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Praveen et al. (2014, IB 9 (5&6): 118). No historical specimens located though a tail feather and another skin were purportedly sent to the BNHS
  
  
• Bucephala Baird, 1858 Reports Of Explorations & Surveys Birds Pac. 9 : L, 788, 795 Anas albeola Linnaeus, 1758; Type by original designation
  • 20. Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula (Linnaeus, 1758)
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 20a. Bucephala clangula clangula (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#118]
      Original Description: Anas Clangula Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10 1, p.125
      Distribution: Winter: Indo-Gangetic and Brahmaputra plains as well as the adjoining terai.
      Specimens: BNHS, UMMZ
  
  
• Mergellus Selby, 1840 A Catalogue of the Generic and Sub-Generic Types of the Class Aves p. 47 Mergus albellus Linnaeus, 1758; Type by monotypy
  • 21. Smew Mergellus albellus (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#119]
    Original Description: Mergus Albellus Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10 1, p.129
    Distribution: Winter: Indo-Gangetic plains from Punjab eastwards into W Bengal and Brahmaputra plains in Arunachal and Assam.
    Specimens: BNHS, AMNH, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
• Mergus Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. ed. 10, x : 13 Mergus castor Linnaeus, 1766; Type by subsequent designation (Eyton, 1838, Monograph on the Anatidae, p.76) = Mergus serrator Linneaus, 1758
  • 22. Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator Linnaeus, 1758 [HB#122]
    Original Description: Mergus Serrator Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10 1, p.129
    Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Fraserganj (S W Bengal), Gajoldoba (N Bengal), Vasai (Maharashtra), and Delhi region. Historically, twice in S W Bengal.
    Specimens: ZSI
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Naskar et al. (2024, CS 127 (7): 857) for a review, including details of ZSI#41303 from S W Bengal.
  
  
  • 23. Common Merganser Mergus merganser Linnaeus, 1758
    Alternative Names: Goosander
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 23a. Mergus merganser merganser Linnaeus, 1758 [HB#120]
      Original Description: Mergus Merganser Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10 1, p.129
      Distribution: Winter: Historical reports from Uttar Pradesh, Mumbai (Maharashtra) and Lohit river (Assam/Arunachal).
      Specimens: AMNH
      Notes: Subspecies variation slight and historical reports based on specimens (AR2001). Five specimens in AMNH from Assam is labelled as this subspecies and the collection also has a few orientalis from India. No other specimens located. Taxon included here mainly on the strength of the statement in AR2001.
    • 23b. Mergus merganser orientalis Gould, 1845 [HB#121]
      Original Description: Mergus Orientalis Gould, 1845 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 13 no.143, p.1
      Taxonomy: Includes comatus Salvadori, 1895. The specimen NHMUK:Old Vellum Cat.42.84a not considered a type here following Salvadori 1895, Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum 27: 476).
      Distribution: Breeding: Ladakh and Himachal. Non-breeding: Along the Himalayan lakes, adjoining terai, and Assam plains; sparsely in Chambal valley and Chota Nagpur region.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, AMNH, ROM, YPM
      Notes: See Sangha (2019, IB 15 (6): 183).
  
  
• Sarkidiornis Eyton, 1838 Monograph on the Anatidae 20 Anser melanotos Pennant, 1769; Type by original designation
  • 24. Knob-billed Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos (Pennant, 1769) [HB#115]
    Original Description: Anser melanotos Pennant, 1769 Indian Zoology p.12 pl.11
    Alternative Names: [Comb Duck]; Nakta Duck, African Comb Duck
    Distribution: Throughout India including Andaman Is. except W Himalaya, NE India, and W Thar desert. Straggler to Jammu & Kashmir.
    Specimens: BNHS, AMNH, FMNH, USNM, YPM, LKO, FTLB, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CITES: Appendix II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
• Marmaronetta Reichenbach, 1853 Avium Systema Naturale ix Anas angustirostris Ménétries, 1832; Type by original designation
  • 25. Marbled Duck Marmaronetta angustirostris (Ménétries, 1832) [HB#92]
    Original Description: Anas angustirostris Ménétries, 1832 Catalogue raisonné des objets de zoologie recueillis dans un voyage au Caucase et jusqu'aux frontières actuelles de la Perse p.58
    Alternative Names: Marbled Teal
    Distribution: Winter: W India from Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat. Stragglers reported from Uttarakhand, Bihar, S W Bengal (Kolkata region), Maharashtra, and Goa.
    Specimens: BNHS, AMNH, YPM, LKO
    IUCN: Near Threatened. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I. CMS: Appendix I.
  
  
• Asarcornis Salvadori, 1895 Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum 27 :46 Anas scutulata Müller, 1842; Type by original designation
  • 26. White-winged Wood-Duck Asarcornis scutulata (Müller, 1842) [HB#116]
    Original Description: Anas scutulata Müller, 1842 Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen p.159
    Alternative Names: White-winged Duck
    Distribution: Assam and lowland Arunachal.
    Specimens: BNHS, AMNH
    IUCN: Critically Endangered. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I. CITES: Appendix I. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: Possibly in lowland Nagaland (Choudhury 2003, Birds of Nagaland p. 11) and Mizoram (Choudhury 2008, Birds of Mizoram p. 37) as well.
  
  
• Rhodonessa Reichenbach, 1853 Avium Systema Naturale ix Anas caryophyllacea Latham, 1790; Type by original designation
  • 27. Pink-headed Duck Rhodonessa caryophyllacea (Latham, 1790) [HB#106]
    Original Description: Anas caryophyllacea Latham, 1790 Index Ornithologicus 2, p.866 (India)
    Distribution: Historically from the Gangetic plains from Delhi, east till W Bengal as well as in the Brahmaputra plains of Assam, Manipur, Odisha, Andhra, and northern coastal Tamil Nadu.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, AMNH, USNM, YPM, LKO
    IUCN: Critically Endangered. WLPA: Schedule-I. CITES: Appendix I. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: Feared extinct in India. Last verified specimen from 1923 (SoIB 2023, State of India's Birds p. 17) and no authentic record since 1935 (Ali 1960, Wildfowl Trust Annual Report 11: 55; Hume 2018, FT 33: 56).
  
  
• Netta Kaup, 1829 Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der europäischen Thierwelt 102 Anas rufina Pallas, 1773; Type by monotypy
  • 28. Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina (Pallas, 1773) [HB#107]
    Original Description: Anas rufina Pallas, 1773 Reise Durch Verschiedene Provinzen Des Russischen Reichs 2, p.713
    Distribution: Winter: Throughout India extending to the southern peninsula up to N Karnataka, SE Andhra and N Tamil Nadu.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, USNM, YPM, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
• Aythya Boie, 1822 Tagebuch Reise Norwegen p.308, p.351 Anas marila Linnaeus, 1761; Type by monotypy
  • 29. Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca (Güldenstädt, 1770) [HB#109]
    Original Description: Anas nyroca Güldenstädt, 1770 Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 14, p.403
    Alternative Names: White-eyed Pochard
    Distribution: Breeding: Kashmir (historical). Winter: Throughout India except S Karnataka, Andhra, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala – where they are stragglers.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMZC, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, LKO, BNHM
    IUCN: Near Threatened. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix I.
  
  
  • 30. Baer's Pochard Aythya baeri (Radde, 1863) [HB#110]
    Original Description: Anas (Fuligula) Baeri Radde, 1863 Reisen im Süden von Ost-Sibirien in den Jahren 1855-1859 (etc.) (2), 2, p.376 pl.15
    Distribution: Winter: Assam plains with additional records from Manipur valley, S W Bengal (historical), and Bharatpur.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMZC, YPM
    IUCN: Critically Endangered. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I. CMS: Appendix I.
  
  
  • 31. Common Pochard Aythya ferina (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#108]
    Original Description: Anas ferina Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10 1, p.126
    Distribution: Winter: Throughout India except Kerala where it is a straggler.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, FMNH, ROM, USNM, YPM, LKO, BNHM
    IUCN: Vulnerable. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 32. Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#111]
    Original Description: Anas fuligula Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10 1, p.128
    Alternative Names: Tufted Pochard
    Distribution: Winter: Throughout India except Kerala – where it is a straggler.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, YPM, LKO, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 33. Greater Scaup Aythya marila (Linnaeus, 1761)
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 33a. Aythya marila marila (Linnaeus, 1761) [HB#112]
      Original Description: Anas Marila Linnaeus, 1761 Fauna svecica.ed. 2, p.39
      Distribution: Winter: Sporadically in N, W, and E India; straggler to C India and absent in S India.
      Specimens: BNHS
  
  
• Sibirionetta Boetticher, 1929 Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern 2: 11 Anas formosa Georgi, 1775; Type by original designation
  • 34. Baikal Teal Sibirionetta formosa (Georgi, 1775) [HB#95]
    Original Description: Anas formosa Georgi, 1775 Bemerkungen einer Reise im Russischen Reich im Jahre 1772 p.168
    Distribution: Winter: Lowland Assam, Manipur valley, and W Bengal. Straggler to Delhi region, Haryana, Himachal, and Gujarat.
    Specimens: BNHS, YPM, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CITES: Appendix II. CMS: Appendix I.
  
  
• Spatula Boie, 1822 Isis von Oken col. 564 Anas clypeata Linnaeus, 1758; Type by monotypy
  • 35. Garganey Spatula querquedula (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#104]
    Original Description: Anas Querquedula Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10 1, p.126
    Distribution: Winter: Throughout India including Andaman Is.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, YPM, TNHM, LKO, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 36. Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#105]
    Original Description: Anas clypeata Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10 1, p.124
    Distribution: Winter: Throughout India including Andaman Is.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM, TNHM, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
• Mareca Stephens, 1824 General Zoology or Systematic Natural History 12(2): 130 Mareca fistularis Stephens, 1824; Type by subsequent designation (Eyton, 1838, Monograph on the Anatidae, p.33) = Anas penelope Linneaus, 1758
  • 37. Falcated Duck Mareca falcata (Georgi, 1775) [HB#102]
    Original Description: Anas falcata Georgi, 1775 Bemerkungen einer Reise im Russischen Reich im Jahre 1772 p.167
    Alternative Names: Falcated Teal
    Distribution: Winter: In the northern plains from Punjab and Himachal in the west till NE India. Straggler to Kashmir, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Goa, and Tamil Nadu.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, FMNH, MCZ, YPM, LKO, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 38. Gadwall Mareca strepera (Linnaeus, 1758)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 38a. Mareca strepera strepera (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#101]
      Original Description: Anas strepera Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10 1, p.125
      Distribution: Winter: Throughout India but sporadic in extreme S India.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, FMNH, YPM
  
  
  • 39. Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#103]
    Original Description: Anas Penelope Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10 1, p.126
    Distribution: Winter: Throughout India including Andaman Is.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, YPM, TNHM, LKO, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
• Anas Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10, 1: 122 Anas boschas Linnaeus, 1766; Type by subsequent designation (Lesson, 1828, Manuel d'Ornithologie, 2, p.417) = Anas platyrhynchos Linneaus, 1758
  • 40. Eastern Spot-billed Duck Anas zonorhyncha Swinhoe, 1866 [HB#99]
    Original Description: Anas zonorhyncha Swinhoe, 1866 Ibis p.394
    Alternative Names: Chinese Spot-billed Duck
    Distribution: Winter: N Bengal, lowland Assam, but also from S W Bengal, Manipur, and Sela lake (Arunachal).
    Specimens: AMNH, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 41. Indian Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha Forster, 1781
    Alternative Names: Spot-billed/Spotbill Duck (with A. zonorhyncha)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 41a. Anas poecilorhyncha poecilorhyncha Forster, 1781 [HB#97]
      Original Description: Anas poecilorhyncha Forster, 1781 Indische Zoologie oder systematischer Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien (etc.) p.23 pl.13 fig.1
      Distribution: Throughout India.
      Specimens: BNHS, RBINS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, YPM, TNHM, FTLB
    • [Anas poecilorhyncha haringtoni (Oates, 1907) [HB#98]]
      Original Description: Polionetta haringtoni Oates, 1907 Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society p.558
      Distribution: Reported extreme E Assam.
      Notes: No definite Indian specimens located (see RA2012) and previous reports may have been misidentified Eastern Spot-billed Duck (see Abdulali 1967, JBNHS 63 (2): 438).
  
  
  • 42. Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 42a. Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758 [HB#100]
      Original Description: Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10 1, p.125
      Distribution: Breeding: Kashmir. Non-breeding: Throughout India but straggler to S India except for reports from Goa and Karnataka (historical).
      Specimens: UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, USNM, YPM
  
  
  • 43. Northern Pintail Anas acuta Linnaeus, 1758 [HB#93]
    Original Description: Anas acuta Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10 1, p.126
    Distribution: Winter: Throughout India including Andaman Is.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMZC, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, YPM, TNHM, LKO, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 44. Common Teal Anas crecca Linnaeus, 1758 [HB#94]
    Original Description: Anas Crecca Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10 1, p.126
    Alternative Names: Green-winged Teal, Eurasian Teal
    Distribution: Winter: Throughout India.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, MCZ, USNM, TNHM, MYS, LKO, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 45. Andaman Teal Anas albogularis (Hume, 1873) [HB#96]
    Original Description: Mareca albogularis Hume, 1873 Stray Feathers p.303 (Andaman Is)
    Alternative Names: [Grey Teal, Sunda Teal]
    Distribution: N, Middle, S, and Little Andaman Is. as well as Barren Is. (historical).
    Type Specimen: NHMUK#1894.6.1.513 (Syntype).
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, FMNH, YPM
    IUCN: Vulnerable. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I.
    Endemic: Andaman & Nicobar Is.