Birds of India - The New Synopsis

A complete checklist of bird species and subspecies found in India

Columbiformes (Pigeons)

Columbidae (Pigeons and Doves)

• Macropygia Swainson, 1837 On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.348 Colombe Phasianelle Temminck, 1824; Type by subsequent designation (Mathews, 1920, The birds of Australia, supplement 1, p.9) = Macropygia tenuirostris Bonaparte, 1854
  • 132. Barred Cuckoo-Dove Macropygia unchall (Wagler, 1827)
    Original Description: Columba Unchall Wagler, 1827 Systema Avium Columba sp.38
    Alternative Names: Bar-tailed Cuckoo Dove
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 132a. Macropygia unchall tusalia (Blyth, 1843) [HB#526]
      Original Description: Columba tusalia Blyth, 1843 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12 p.936 (Darjeeling)
      Distribution: Sikkim, N Bengal, Assam, Arunachal, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, and Mizoram. Historically, Himachal and Uttarakhand.
      Specimens: BNHS, UMZC, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM
  
  
  • 133. Andaman Cuckoo-Dove Macropygia rufipennis Blyth, 1846
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Endemic: Andaman & Nicobar Is.
    • 133a. Macropygia rufipennis andamanica Abdulali, 1967 [HB#527a]
      Original Description: Macropygia rufipennis andamanica Abdulali, 1967 Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 63(2) p.421 (Betapur, Middle Andamans)
      Distribution: Andaman Is. including Little Andaman Is. and a few other islets like Interview, Long, Havelock, and Neil Is.
      Type Specimen: BNHS#22135 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS
    • 133b. Macropygia rufipennis rufipennis Blyth, 1846 [HB#527]
      Original Description: Macropygia rufipennis Blyth, 1846 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 15 p.371 (S Nicobar Is)
      Distribution: Central (Tillanchong, Teresa, Bompuka, Nancowry, and Kamorta) and South Nicobar Is. groups.
      Type Specimen: ZSI#26491 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI
  
  
• Spilopelia Sundevall, 1873 Methodi naturalis avium disponendarum tentamen. Försök till fogelklassens naturenliga uppställning fasc. 2 p.100 Columba tigrina Temminck, 1809; Type by original designation
  • 134. Spotted Dove Spilopelia chinensis (Scopoli, 1786)
    Original Description: Columba chinensis Scopoli, 1786 Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae 2 p.94
    Alternative Names: Western Spotted Dove S. [c.] suratensis & S. [c.] ceylonensis; Eastern Spotted Dove S. [c.] tigrina
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 134a. Spilopelia chinensis suratensis (Gmelin, 1789) [HB#537 & 540]
      Original Description: Columba suratensis Gmelin, 1789 Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.778 (Surat [=Surate], Gujarat)
      Taxonomy: Intergrades extensively with tigrina in Assam, subspecies boundaries uncertain. Quite likely also intergrades with the Sri Lankan endemic subspecies ceylonensis Reichenbach 1851 along the broken land bridge of Dhanushkodi across the Palk strait. Differences only in morphometrics.
      Distribution: Entire country excluding the driest parts of Thar and Kachchh, east till about Assam.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, YPM, TNHM, MYS, HYD
    • 134b. Spilopelia chinensis tigrina (Temminck, 1809) [HB#539]
      Original Description: Columba Tigrina Temminck, 1809 Les Pigeons 2, p.94
      Taxonomy: Includes edwardi Ripley 1948 from Chabua, Assam.
      Distribution: Cachar, Manipur, Mizoram as well as E Arunachal.
      Specimens: ZSI, RBINS, FMNH
  
  
  • 135. Laughing Dove Spilopelia senegalensis (Linnaeus, 1766)
    Original Description: Columba senegalensis Linnaeus, 1766 Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.283
    Alternative Names: Little Brown Dove, Senegal Dove
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 135a. Spilopelia senegalensis cambayensis (Gmelin, 1789) [HB#541]
      Original Description: Columba cambayensis Gmelin, 1789 Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.779 (Gulf of Khambhat [=Cambaya], Gujarat)
      Distribution: Most of the country except the high Himalaya, dry zones of Thar desert, SW coast, and NE India.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, YPM, TNHM, HYD, FTLB
    • [Spilopelia senegalensis ermanni (Bonaparte, 1856) ]
      Original Description: Turtur ermanni Bonaparte, 1856 Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.942
      Distribution: Gilgit.
      Notes: Probably the birds seen in extreme north of Kashmir might be this taxon.
  
  
• Streptopelia Bonaparte, 1855 Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.17 Columba risoria Linnaeus, 1758; Type by subsequent designation (Gray, 1855, Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum, p.150)
  • 136. Red Collared-Dove Streptopelia tranquebarica (Hermann, 1804)
    Taxonomy: Variaton clinal, not possible to assign every individual to a subspecies.
    Alternative Names: Red Turtle Dove
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 136a. Streptopelia tranquebarica humilis (Temminck, 1824) [HB#536]
      Original Description: Columba humilis Temminck, 1824 Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.44 pl.259 (Bengal and Luzon)
      Taxonomy: Includes humilior Hume 1874 from Nicobar Is.
      Distribution: Sikkim, W Bengal, NE India, and Andaman Is.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, YPM
    • 136b. Streptopelia tranquebarica tranquebarica (Hermann, 1804) [HB#535]
      Original Description: Columba tranquebarica Hermann, 1804 Observationes zoologicae quibus novae complures, aliaeque animalium species describuntur et illustrantur p.200 (Tharangambadi [=Tranquebaria], Tamil Nadu)
      Distribution: Most of the country from Kashmir south till the tip of the peninsula, east till about W Bengal. Localised populations or stragglers in the SW coast and Odisha.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMZC, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, YPM, LKO, FTLB
  
  
  • 137. Oriental Turtle-Dove Streptopelia orientalis (Latham, 1790)
    Alternative Names: Rufous Turtle Dove
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 137a. Streptopelia orientalis meena (Sykes, 1832) [HB#531]
      Original Description: Columba Meena Sykes, 1832 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 2 no.23 p.149 (Deccan [=Dukhun])
      Distribution: Breeding: W Himalaya from Gilgit and Ladakh, through Jammu & Kashmir till Uttarakhand. Non-breeding: Spreading to much of the peninsula in winter.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1880.1.1.2292 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, TNHM
      Notes: Movements not fully documented; more reports in Peninsula during passage migration.
    • 137b. Streptopelia orientalis orientalis (Latham, 1790) [HB#530]
      Original Description: Columba orientalis Latham, 1790 Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.606
      Taxonomy: Features overlap with agricola and it is usually difficult to assign a subspecies identity for specimens.
      Distribution: Winter: N Sikkim and Arunachal.
      Specimens: AMNH, FMNH, YPM
    • 137c. Streptopelia orientalis erythrocephala (Bonaparte, 1855) [HB#533]
      Original Description: Turtur erythrocephalus Bonaparte, 1855 Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 40 p.16 (Southern India)
      Distribution: C India, up till Jharkhand and Odisha, also NE Ghats as well as S Karnataka. Range compounded by other subspecies and movements undocumented but possibly might account for some birds in southern peninsula.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, FMNH, ROM, USNM
    • 137d. Streptopelia orientalis agricola (Tickell, 1833) [HB#532]
      Original Description: Columba agricola Tickell, 1833 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2 p.581 (Jungles of Borabhum and Dholbhum, Jharkhand)
      Taxonomy: Includes meridionalis Koelz 1954 from Sangau, Mizoram and khasiana Koelz 1954 from Mawryngkneng, Khasi hills, Meghalaya.
      Distribution: Sikkim, N Bengal, entire NE India and probably also S W Bengal.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, USNM, YPM
  
  
  • 138. European Turtle-Dove Streptopelia turtur (Linnaeus, 1758)
    Original Description: Columba Turtur Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.164
    Alternative Names: Turtle Dove
    IUCN: Vulnerable. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: See Delany et al. (2014, IB 9 (1): 4).
    • 138a. Streptopelia turtur arenicola (Hartert, 1894) [HB#529]
      Original Description: Turtur turtur arenicola Hartert, 1894 Novitates Zoologicae 1 p.42
      Distribution: Vagrant. Recorded only from Gilgit and Shey (Ladakh).
      Specimens: NHMUK
  
  
  • 139. Eurasian Collared-Dove Streptopelia decaocto (Frivaldszky, 1838) [HB#534]
    Original Description: Columba risoria L. var. decaocto Frivaldszky, 1838 A' Magyar Tudós Társaság Évkönyvei 3 pt3 p.183 pl.8
    Taxonomy: Monotypic in the region. Paler/larger stoliczkae of NW and darker/smaller intercedens of the peninsula not given subspecies status as variation is largely clinal.
    Alternative Names: Indian Ring Dove
    Distribution: Throughout India except most of the W coast and dense forests of NE India.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, USNM, TNHM, FTLB, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: Extralimital Burmese population xanthocycla, accorded specific status as Burmese Collared Dove, and may occur in NE India.
  
  
• Columba Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.162 Columba oenas Linnaeus, 1758; Type by subsequent designation (Vigors, 1824, Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 14, p.481)
  • 140. Ashy Wood-Pigeon Columba pulchricollis Blyth, 1846 [HB#523]
    Original Description: Columba pulchricollis Blyth, 1846 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14 p.866
    Alternative Names: Ashy Pigeon
    Distribution: Along the Himalayan forests from Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and N Bengal till Namdapha (E Arunachal), Cachar Hills, Nagaland, Manipur, and south till Phawngpui (Mizoram).
    Specimens: BNHS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
  • 141. Nilgiri Wood-Pigeon Columba elphinstonii (Sykes, 1832) [HB#521]
    Original Description: Ptilinopus Elphinstonii Sykes, 1832 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 2 no.23 p.149 (Ghats of the Deccan [=Ghauts of the Dukhun])
    Alternative Names: Nilgiri Pigeon
    Distribution: W Ghats from N Maharashtra till southern tip of the ghats extending east to the hills of Biligirirangans, Shevarayan, Melagiri and disjunctly in hillocks of the Deccan in S Karnataka (Nandi hills). Has occured till Tumkuru district (Karnataka) and Tirumala hills (CE Ghats, S Andhra).
    Type Specimen: NHMUK#1880.1.1.4657 (Syntype).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, USNM, YPM, TNHM, LKO
    IUCN: Vulnerable. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-I.
    Endemic: Western Ghats.
  
  
  • 142. Pale-capped Pigeon Columba punicea Blyth, 1842 [HB#524]
    Original Description: Columba (Alsocomus) puniceus Blyth, 1842 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11 p.461 (Chaibasa [=Chyebassa], Jharkhand)
    Alternative Names: Purple Wood Pigeon
    Distribution: Restricted to certain pockets in NE Assam and adjoining E Arunachal, Tripura, Odisha, and NE Andhra. Stragglers to C Assam, N and S W Bengal. Historically, possibly more widespread, in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Cachar hills, Nagaland, and Manipur.
    Specimens: BNHS, AMNH, USNM, YPM
    IUCN: Vulnerable. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I.
  
  
  • 143. Andaman Wood-Pigeon Columba palumboides (Hume, 1873) [HB#525]
    Original Description: Carpophaga palumboides Hume, 1873 Stray Feathers 1 p.302 (Port Mouat, Andaman Is)
    Taxonomy: Include nicobarica from Walden 1874 from Trinket and Nancowry Is (C Nicobars); however AR2001 footnotes indicate that there might a reason to resurrect this subspecies.
    Alternative Names: Andaman Pigeon
    Distribution: Andaman & Nicobar Is. except smaller islands (e.g., Car Nicobar) and islets.
    Type Specimen: NHMUK#1889.2.2.150 (Holotype).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, ROM
    IUCN: Near Threatened. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Endemic: Andaman & Nicobar Is.
  
  
  • 144. Speckled Wood-Pigeon Columba hodgsonii Vigors, 1832 [HB#520]
    Original Description: Columba Hodgsonii Vigors, 1832 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 2 no.15 p.16
    Alternative Names: Speckled Pigeon
    Distribution: Along the Himalayan forests from Gilgit till Walong region in E Arunachal, also extending southeast to Nagaland, Manipur, Khasi hills (Meghalaya), and Murlen (Mizoram).
    Specimens: BNHS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, YPM, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
  • 145. Common Wood-Pigeon Columba palumbus Linnaeus, 1758
    Original Description: Columba Palumbus Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.163
    Alternative Names: Wood Pigeon, Eastern Wood Pigeon
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 145a. Columba palumbus casiotis (Bonaparte, 1854) [HB#519]
      Original Description: Palumbus casiotis Bonaparte, 1854 Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 39 p.1103
      Distribution: W Himalaya from Kashmir till Uttarakhand in the east. Straggler to Ladakh and reportedly N Bengal.
      Specimens: BNHS, MCZ, ROM, YPM
  
  
  • 146. Snow Pigeon Columba leuconota Vigors, 1831
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 146a. Columba leuconota leuconota Vigors, 1831 [HB#513]
      Original Description: Columba leuconota Vigors, 1831 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 no.2 p.23
      Distribution: W Himalaya from Gilgit through Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and N Bengal (historical).
      Specimens: BNHS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM
    • 146b. Columba leuconota gradaria Hartert, 1916 [HB#514]
      Original Description: Columba leuconota gradaria Hartert, 1916 Novitates Zoologicae 23 p.86
      Taxonomy: Intergrades with the nominate subspecies in Sikkim.
      Distribution: Along the international border in extreme E Sikkim, Sela region and beyond in W Arunachal.
      Specimens: ZSI, AMNH, FMNH, YPM
      Notes: May occur further east in N Arunachal along the international border.
  
  
  • 147. Hill Pigeon Columba rupestris Pallas, 1811
    Original Description: Columba Oenas rupestris Pallas, 1811 Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.560
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 147a. Columba rupestris turkestanica Buturlin, 1908 [HB#515]
      Original Description: Columba rupestris turkestanica Buturlin, 1908 Ornithologische Monatsberichte 16 p.45
      Taxonomy: New name for C. r. pallida Rothshild & Hartert 1893.
      Distribution: W Himalaya from Gilgit through Ladakh, northern districts of Himachal and Uttarakhand as well as N Sikkim.
      Specimens: BNHS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, USNM, YPM
  
  
  • 148. Rock Pigeon Columba livia Gmelin, 1789
    Original Description: Columba domestica livia Gmelin, 1789 Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.769
    Alternative Names: Rock Dove, Blue Rock Pigeon
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Not scheduled.
    • 148a. Columba livia neglecta Hume, 1873 [HB#516]
      Original Description: Columba neglecta Hume, 1873 Lahore to Yārkand (etc.) p.272 (Ladakh)
      Distribution: Gilgit, Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, and Himachal.
      Specimens: BNHS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM, YPM
    • 148b. Columba livia intermedia Strickland, 1844 [HB#517]
      Original Description: Columba intermedia Strickland, 1844 The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology (1) 13 p.39 (Kolkata)
      Distribution: Entire country including Lakshadweep Is and Andaman & Nicobar Is. except for the range of other subspecies.
      Type Specimen: UMZC#17/Col/8/y/34 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMZC, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, TNHM, HYD
      Notes: Mixing with feral pigeons has rendered identification of true wild Rock Pigeons impossible.However, true wild Rock Pigeons have been claimed from several parts of the country but no assessment carried out.
  
  
  • 149. Yellow-eyed Pigeon Columba eversmanni Bonaparte, 1856 [HB#518]
    Original Description: Columba eversmanni Bonaparte, 1856 Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.838
    Alternative Names: Pale-backed Pigeon, Eastern Stock Pigeon
    Distribution: Non-breeding: Harike (Punjab), Thar, and W Rajasthan with stragglers to Little Rann of Kachchh (Gujarat). Historically much more widespread with range from Jammu & Kashmir reaching northern Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar.
    Specimens: UMZC, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, YPM, LKO
    IUCN: Vulnerable. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I.
  
  
• Chalcophaps Gould, 1843 The birds of Australia pt13 pl.8 Columba chrysochlora Wagler, 1827; Type by monotypy = Columba indica Linnaeus, 1758
  • 150. Asian Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica (Linnaeus, 1758)
    Alternative Names: Common Emerald Dove, Grey-capped Emerald Dove; [Emerald Dove]
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 150a. Chalcophaps indica indica (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#542]
      Original Description: Columba indica Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.164
      Taxonomy: Includes salimalii Mukherjee 1960 from Jenmalai (sic) = Tenmala, Kerala.
      Distribution: Himalayan foothills from about Jammu, eastwards till E Arunachal, all NE hill states, S W Bengal, E Ghats, C Indian hills, and W Ghats.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMZC, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM, YPM, TNHM, LKO
      Notes: Not reported from C India between Dangs/Nashik and Pench. Sri Lankan endemic subspecies robinsoni Baker 1928 can occur in SE coast as a vagrant.
    • 150b. Chalcophaps indica maxima Hartert, 1931 [HB#544]
      Original Description: Chalcophaps indica maxima Hartert, 1931 Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39 p.145 (Golapabung, South Andamans)
      Taxonomy: The type specimen is probably in ZMB.
      Distribution: Andaman Is. including Little Andaman Is. Barren Is., and Narcondam Is. as well as the islets like Outram, Havelock, Neil, Tarmugli, and Rutland Is.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, FMNH, MCZ, ROM
    • 150c. Chalcophaps indica augusta Bonaparte, 1855 [HB#544a]
      Original Description: Chalcophaps augusta Bonaparte, 1855 Conspectus generum avium 2 p.92 (Nicobar Is)
      Distribution: Car Nicobar Is., Central Nicobar Is. group (Tillanchong, Teresa, Bompuka, Nancowry, Trinket, Kamorta, and Katchall Is.), and S Nicobar group (Meroe Is. and Great Nicobar Is.).
      Type Specimen: MNHN#MO-2003-2654 (Holotype).
      Specimens: MNHN
  
  
• Oena Swainson, 1837 On the natural history and classification of birds 2 p.349 Oena capensis Selby ; Type by monotypy = Columba capensis Linnaeus, 1766
  • 151. Namaqua Dove Oena capensis (Linnaeus, 1766)
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: Recent coloniser across Gujarat in winter. See Trivedi & Trivedi (2018, FL 16 (1): 2 ) and Patel & Raol (2018, FL 16 (1): 3), for first records. see Lawicki (2020, Dutch Birding 42 (1): 103) for a summary of its global range expansion.
    • 151a. Oena capensis capensis (Linnaeus, 1766)
      Original Description: Columba capensis Linnaeus, 1766 Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] 12, p.286
      Distribution: Winter: Gujarat. Has sraggled to Mumbai (straggler).
      Notes: Subspecies assumed on range.
  
  
• Treron Vieillot, 1816 Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.49 Columba curvirostra Gmelin, 1789; Type by monotypy
  • 152. Orange-breasted Green-Pigeon Treron bicinctus (Jerdon, 1840)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 152a. Treron bicinctus bicinctus (Jerdon, 1840) [HB#501]
      Original Description: Vinago bicincta Jerdon, 1840 Madras Journal of Literature and Science 12 p.13 (Seacoast south of Thalassery [=Tellicherry], Kerala)
      Distribution: Himalayan foothills from Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Assam, adjoining Arunachal, Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, Tripura, S W Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha, C India, E Ghats, and along with W Ghats. Sporadic in Gangetic plains, Saurashtra, SE and W coast as well as Deccan hillocks.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1846.4.30.47 (?48) (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, YPM, TNHM
      Notes: Whether the birds seen in SE coast, particularly around Point Calimere, are migrants from Sri Lanka is not known. If yes, then that would add the Sri Lanka endemic subspecies leggei Hartert 1910 into the India's list. Subspecies identification completely based on morphometrics and hence specimens needed for establishing the taxon identity.
  
  
  • 153. Grey-fronted Green-Pigeon Treron affinis (Jerdon, 1840) [HB#496]
    Original Description: Vinago affinis Jerdon, 1840 Madras Journal of Literature and Science 12 no.28 p.13 (W coast of the Indian Peninsula)
    Taxonomy: Tirumala (CE Ghats) birds show intermediate characteristics between T. affinis and T. pompadora (Sri Lankan endemic) and may relate to an undescribed taxon. In addition, Sri Lanka Green Pigeon could be crossing over to SE Tamil Nadu and may be expected around Point Calimere or Rameswaram Is.
    Alternative Names: [Pompadour Green Pigeon]
    Distribution: W Ghats from N Maharashtra till the tip of the peninsula. East to Biligirirangans and Sirumalai, nomadic to Mysuru, Bengaluru, Chennai, and Puducherry. Disjunct population in Tirumala hills (Andhra).
    Specimens: BNHS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, YPM, TNHM, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Endemic: Western Ghats.
    Notes: Reports from C India not verified.
  
  
  • 154. Andaman Green-Pigeon Treron chloropterus Blyth, 1846 [HB#500]
    Original Description: Treron chloroptera Blyth, 1846 India Sporting Review 2 p.28 (Nicobar Is)
    Taxonomy: Subspecies andamanicus Richmond 1902 not recognised here. As per ZSI registers, ZSI#26487 is designated as Leucotype by Roonwal and the remaining in the series as Syntypes. Verification required.
    Distribution: N, Middle, S and Little Andaman Is as well as the islets of N Reef, Interview, Havelock, Neil, Tarmugli, Red Skin, Boat, and Rutland Is. Car Nicobar Is., C Nicobar group (Tillanchong, Teresa, Bompuka, Trinket, Nancowry, Kamorta, and Katchall Is.), and S Nicobar group (Little and Great Nicobar Is.) of islands.
    Type Specimen: ZSI#26489 (Syntype).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, FMNH
    IUCN: Near Threatened. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-I.
    Endemic: Andaman & Nicobar Is.
  
  
  • 155. Ashy-headed Green-Pigeon Treron phayrei (Blyth, 1862)
    IUCN: Near Threatened. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 155a. Treron phayrei conoveri Rand & Fleming, 1953 [HB#498]
      Original Description: Treron pompadora conoveri Rand & Fleming, 1953 Fieldiana Zoology 34 p.201
      Taxonomy: Subspecies not always recognised.
      Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Uttarakhand (recent) and Uttar Pradesh (historical). Also, vagrant to Delhi region and Madhya Pradesh.
      Specimens: LKO
      Notes: Reports away from its range including Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh presumably of individuals from wild population. Sondhi et al. (2016, IB 11 (1): 21) photographic record from Uttarakhand and the single specimen (#4190) in the Lucknow museum from Kheri district, Uttar Pradesh (Reid 1888, Catalogue of the birds in the Provincial Museum, N.-W. P. and Oudh, Lucknow p. 220); both, if wild, undoubtedly from the Nepal population.
    • 155b. Treron phayrei phayrei (Blyth, 1862) [HB#499]
      Original Description: Osmotreron Phayrei Blyth, 1862 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 31 p.344
      Distribution: N Bengal and further east in all of NE hill states; sporadic in S W Bengal.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, YPM
  
  
  • 156. Thick-billed Green-Pigeon Treron curvirostra (Gmelin, 1789)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 156a. Treron curvirostra curvirostra (Gmelin, 1789) [HB#495]
      Original Description: Columba curvirostra Gmelin, 1789 Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.777
      Taxonomy: Includes subspecies nipalensis Hodgson 1836; sometimes the name given to the regional population.
      Distribution: N Bengal, Assam, Arunachal, and all of NE hill states; also present in S W Bengal, Odisha, adjoining NE Ghats in Andhra and Telangana.
      Specimens: BNHS, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, YPM
  
  
  • 157. Yellow-footed Green-Pigeon Treron phoenicopterus (Latham, 1790)
    Alternative Names: Yellow-legged Green Pigeon
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 157a. Treron phoenicopterus phoenicopterus (Latham, 1790) [HB#503]
      Original Description: Columba phaenicoptera Latham, 1790 Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.597 (India)
      Distribution: Himalayan foothills, Indo-Gangetic plains, N Odisha, W Bengal, entire NE India except Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMZC, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, YPM
    • 157b. Treron phoenicopterus chlorigaster (Blyth, 1843) [HB#504]
      Original Description: Vinago chlorigaster Blyth, 1843 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12 p.167 (Indian Peninsula)
      Taxonomy: Region of intergradation uncertain as both subspecies co-occur in some areas – reported from Solan (Himachal), Gwalior and Pachmarhi (last two in Madhya Pradesh).
      Distribution: Peninsular India south of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and regions south of Gangetic plain – mostly in hilly tracts but wandering widely.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM, TNHM, HYD, FTLB
  
  
  • 158. Pin-tailed Green-Pigeon Treron apicauda Blyth, 1846
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 158a. Treron apicauda apicauda Blyth, 1846 [HB#493]
      Original Description: Treron apicauda Blyth, 1846 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 14 p.854 (SE Himalaya and hill ranges of Assam)
      Distribution: Kumaon hills (Uttarakhand), Sikkim, N Bengal, Assam, adjoining Arunachal, and all NE hill states.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, YPM
  
  
  • 159. Wedge-tailed Green-Pigeon Treron sphenurus (Vigors, 1832)
    Alternative Names: Kokla
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 159a. Treron sphenurus sphenurus (Vigors, 1832) [HB#494]
      Original Description: Vinago sphenura Vigors, 1832 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 no.14 p.173 (Himalaya)
      Distribution: Himalayan forests from Kashmir, east through Sikkim and N Bengal to all NE hill states including terai region. Nomadic and stragglers reported from Kolkata region (Bengal), Pachmarhi (Madhya Pradesh), Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh), Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve (NE Maharashtra), and Sanjay Gandhi National Park (W Maharashtra).
      Specimens: BNHS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, YPM
  
  
• Caloenas Gray, 1840 A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus p.59 Columba nicobarica Gmelin, 1789; Type by original designation = Columba nicobarica Linnaeus, 1758
  • 160. Nicobar Pigeon Caloenas nicobarica (Linnaeus, 1758)
    IUCN: Near Threatened. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-I. CITES: Appendix I.
    • 160a. Caloenas nicobarica nicobarica (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#544b]
      Original Description: Columba nicobarica Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.164 (Nicobar Is)
      Distribution: All Nicobar Is. group – Car Nicobar Is., C Nicobar group (Tillanchong, Teresa, Bompuka, Nancowry, Kamorta, and Katchal Is.), S Nicobar group (Meroe Is. and Great Nicobar Is.), Little Andaman Is., straggling to S and N Andaman but present in smaller islets (Outram, Havelock, Rutland, and S Sential Is.) including Narcondam Is and Barren Is.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, FMNH, MCZ, ROM
  
  
• Ducula Hodgson, 1836 Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.160 Ducula insignis Hodgson, 1836; Type by monotypy
  • 161. Green Imperial-Pigeon Ducula aenea (Linnaeus, 1766)
    Original Description: Columba aenea Linnaeus, 1766 Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.283
    IUCN: Near Threatened. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 161a. Ducula aenea sylvatica (Tickell, 1833) [HB#506]
      Original Description: Columba Sylvatica Tickell, 1833 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2 no.23 p.581 (Borabhum, Jharkhand)
      Taxonomy: Subspecies ranges arbitrarily kept at 20°N but subspecies may meet in N Odisha.
      Distribution: N Bengal, east along Assam and all NE hill states. Historically in E Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMZC, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, YPM, HYD
    • 161b. Ducula aenea pusilla (Blyth, 1849) [HB#507]
      Original Description: Carpophaga pusilla Blyth, 1849 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18 p.816 (Nilgiris)
      Distribution: W Ghats and associated midlands from Mumbai south till the tip of peninsula, Biligirirangans, entire E Ghats as well as adjoining C Indian hills, N Odisha, and adjoining Jharkhand.
      Type Specimen: ZSI#26470 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, FMNH, USNM
    • 161c. Ducula aenea andamanica Abdulali, 1964 [HB#508a]
      Original Description: Ducula aenea andamanica Abdulali, 1964 Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 61 p.414 (Betapur, Middle Andamans)
      Distribution: All of Andaman Is. including Narcondam Is. and Little Andaman Is as well as all islets.
      Type Specimen: BNHS#21546 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI
  
  
  • 162. Nicobar Imperial-Pigeon Ducula nicobarica (Pelzeln, 1865) [HB#508]
    Original Description: Carpophaga aenea var. nicobarica Pelzeln, 1865 Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. Zoologischer Theil Bd.1 Vogel p.105 (Nicobar Is)
    Taxonomy: Not recognised as separate species by H&M4. Previous name insularis Blyth 1858 from Nicobar Islands is now considered invalid (see AR2001).
    Distribution: Car Nicobar, C Nicobar group, and S Nicobar group of islands.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, FMNH
    IUCN: Near Threatened. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Endemic: Andaman & Nicobar Is.
  
  
  • 163. Malabar Imperial-Pigeon Ducula cuprea (Jerdon, 1840) [HB#511]
    Original Description: Carpophaga cuprea Jerdon, 1840 Madras Journal of Literature and Science 12 no.28 p.12 (Wayanad, Kerala)
    Taxonomy: Formerly treated as conspecific with D. badia; but see Niranjana & Praveen (2021, IB 17 (3): 70).
    Alternative Names: Nilgiri Imperial Pigeon; Jerdon's Maroon-backed Imperial Pigeon
    Distribution: W Ghats from SW Maharashtra and Goa till southern tip of the Ghats in Kalakkad; sporadic in NW Ghats of Maharashtra.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, AMNH, TNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Endemic: Western Ghats.
  
  
  • 164. Mountain Imperial-Pigeon Ducula badia (Raffles, 1822)
    Original Description: Columba badia Raffles, 1822 Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (1), 13 p.317
    Alternative Names: Maroon-backed Imperial Pigeon D. b. cuprea & D. b. insignis, Grey-headed Imperial Pigeon D. b. griseicapilla
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 164a. Ducula badia insignis Hodgson, 1836 [HB#510]
      Original Description: Ducula Insignis Hodgson, 1836 Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.162 pl.9
      Taxonomy: Includes carolinae Ripley 1953 from Phek, E Naga hills, Nagaland. Subspecies boundaries in NE hill states are not completely worked out. Birds in E Arunachal tend towards griseicapilla.
      Distribution: Sikkim, N, Bengal, Assam, Arunachal, Meghalaya, Cachar, and Tripura. Probably W edges of Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram as well.
      Specimens: UMZC, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, YPM
    • 164b. Ducula badia griseicapilla Walden, 1875 [HB#512]
      Original Description: Ducula griseicapilla Walden, 1875 The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology (4) 15 p.228
      Taxonomy: Regional birds not typotypical but intergrades with insignis.
      Distribution: Nagaland, Manipur, possibly Mizoram along the eastern edge.
      Specimens: BNHS, UMMZ, USNM, YPM
  
  
  • 165. Pied Imperial-Pigeon Ducula bicolor (Scopoli, 1786) [HB#509]
    Original Description: Columba bicolor Scopoli, 1786 Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae 2 p.94
    Distribution: N, S and Little Andaman Is., Narcondam & Barren Is. as well as the islets of Havelock, N Cinque, and S Sential islands. Car Nicobar Is., C Nicobar group (Tillanchong, Teresa, Bompuka, Trinket, Nancowry, Kamorta, and Katchall Is.) as well as the S Nicobar group (Meroe, Trek, and Great Nicobar Is.).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, FMNH, MCZ, ROM
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.