Birds of India - The New Synopsis

A complete checklist of bird species and subspecies found in India

Passeriformes (Perching Birds)

Fringillidae (Finches)

• Fringilla Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.179 Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus, 1758; Type by Linnaean tautonymy
  • 1311. Brambling Fringilla montifringilla Linnaeus, 1758 [HB#1980]
    Original Description: Fringilla montifringilla Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.179
    Distribution: Winter: Reported from Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, Jammu, and Himachal; sporadically to Uttarakhand and Arunachal. Straggler to Delhi region (once).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
  • 1312. Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus, 1758
    Alternative Names: Eurasian Chaffinch
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: See Mountfort (1971, Ibis 1: 109), Madge (1985, JBNHS 81 (3): 703), den Besten (2004, JBNHS 101 (2): 326), Sharma et al. (2013, IB 8 (6): 156).
    • 1312a. Fringilla coelebs coelebs Linnaeus, 1758 [HB#1979]
      Original Description: Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.179
      Distribution: Winter: W Himalaya from Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, and Uttarakhand.
      Notes: Based on specimens from Afghanistan, Indian birds assumed to be of the nominate subspecies.
  
  
• Mycerobas Cabanis, 1847 Archiv für Naturgeschichte 13 p.350 Coccothraustes melanozanthos Hodgson, 1836; Type by subsequent designation (Gray, 1855, Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum, p.71)
  • 1313. Black-and-yellow Grosbeak Mycerobas icterioides (Vigors, 1831) [HB#1982]
    Original Description: Coccothraustes icterioides Vigors, 1831 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 no.1 p. 8 (Shimla-Almora district)
    Distribution: W Himalaya from Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, and Uttarakhand.
    Type Specimen: NHMUK#1855.12.19.254 (Syntype).
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
  • 1314. Collared Grosbeak Mycerobas affinis (Blyth, 1855) [HB#1983]
    Original Description: Hesperiphona affinis Blyth, 1855 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24 p.179 (Himachal [= Alpine Punjab])
    Alternative Names: Allied Grosbeak
    Distribution: Along the Himalaya – from Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, and Arunachal till Mishmi hills.
    Type Specimen: ZSI#35590 (Syntype).
    Specimens: ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
  • 1315. Spot-winged Grosbeak Mycerobas melanozanthos (Hodgson, 1836) [HB#1986]
    Original Description: Coccothraustes melanozanthos Hodgson, 1836 Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.150
    Taxonomy: Includes here ossifragus Koelz 1954 from Kohima, Nagaland and pangpui Koelz 1954 from Sangau, Mizoram.
    Distribution: Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM, LKO, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: Reports from Meghalaya (Khasi hills) and Cachar not verified.
  
  
  • 1316. White-winged Grosbeak Mycerobas carnipes (Hodgson, 1836)
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1316a. Mycerobas carnipes carnipes (Hodgson, 1836) [HB#1985]
      Original Description: Coccothraustes carnipes Hodgson, 1836 Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.151
      Distribution: Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, and W Arunachal.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH
  
  
• Coccothraustes Brisson, 1760 Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumaque varietates 1 p.36;3, p.218 Coccothraustes Brisson ; Type by tautonymy = Loxia coccothraustes Linnaeus, 1758
  • 1317. Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes (Linnaeus, 1758)
    Original Description: Loxia coccothraustes Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.171
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1317a. Coccothraustes coccothraustes humii Sharpe, 1886 [HB#1981]
      Original Description: Coccothraustes humii Sharpe, 1886 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 No. 1 p.97 (in text)
      Distribution: Winter: Uttarakhand, Gilgit and Domel (Kashmir, historical).
      Specimens: AMNH, MCZ, USNM
      Notes: Two of the historical specimens collected by Crump from Kashmir are in USNM (#265039) and MCZ(#149851).
  
  
• Eophona Gould, 1851 Birds Asia pt. 3, pls. 18-19 Loxia melanura Gmelin, 1789; Type by subsequent designation (Gray, 1855, Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum, p.71) = Eophona sowerbyi Riley, 1915
  • 1318. Yellow-billed Grosbeak Eophona migratoria Hartert, 1903
    Alternative Names: Chinese Grosbeak
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Recent addition.
    • 1318a. Eophona migratoria sowerbyi Riley, 1915
      Original Description: Eophona melanura sowerbyi Riley, 1915 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 28 p.163
      Taxonomy: Subspecies assumed on range.
      Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Chumathang (Ladakh).
      Notes: See Sonam et al. (2025, IB 21 (5): 84).
  
  
• Carpodacus Kaup, 1829 Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.161 Fringilla rosea Pallas, 1776; Type by subsequent designation (Gray, 1842, Appendix to A list of the genera of birds, p.11)
  • 1319. Scarlet Finch Carpodacus sipahi (Hodgson, 1836) [HB#2034]
    Original Description: Corythus sipahi Hodgson, 1836 Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.151
    Distribution: Uttarakhand, Sikkim, N Bengal, Arunachal, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, and Mizoram.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, RBINS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
  • 1320. Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus (Pallas, 1770)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1320a. Carpodacus erythrinus erythrinus (Pallas, 1770) [HB#2013]
      Original Description: Loxia erythrina Pallas, 1770 Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 14 p.587 pl.23 fig.1
      Distribution: Winter: N Indian peninsula at least south to Pune and Nagpur and east to Assam and possibly in NE hill states.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMZC, UMMZ, FMNH, USNM, BNHM
      Notes: Identification of subspecies within the erythrinus group in winter quarters is difficult; range based on historical data using specimens. At least one subspecies of erythrinus group is present in NE hill states and most likely it is the nominate based on its breeding range.
    • 1320b. Carpodacus erythrinus kubanensis Laubmann, 1915 [HB#2012]
      Original Description: Carpodacus erythrinus kubanensis Laubmann, 1915 Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 12 p.93
      Taxonomy: Poorly differentiated subspecies by morphology though genetically the most distinct (Hung et al. 2013, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 66 (1): 108). Various specimens in museums labelled as this but it is likely that many of them are misidentified. NHMUK has specimens from Punjab, Gujarat specimens present in USNM, a Liddar valley (Kashmir) specimen in BNHS, Lahaul (Himachal) specimens in MCZ, , a long series of specimens from Kangra (Himachal) in UMMZ. Last several are by Koelz, taken between April and September, and it is not clear if they were compared aganist ferghanensis before labeling it. Considering its breeding range, only Punjab and Gujarat winter specimens accepted here.
      Distribution: Winter: Punjab, Gujarat and presumably other parts of NW India.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, MCZ, USNM
      Notes: Range imperfectly known but most certainly Indian subcontinent as there is no other wintering range for the birds breeding in Caucasus and Turkey.
    • 1320c. Carpodacus erythrinus ferghanensis (Kozlova, 1939) [HB#2010]
      Original Description: Erythrina erythrina ferghanensis Kozlova, 1939 Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskii 48 p.63
      Distribution: Summer: W Himalaya of Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, and Lahaul-Spiti (Himachal). Winter: Adjacent plains and northern peninsula as far south as N Karnataka (Londa).
      Specimens: BNHS, UMMZ, FMNH, YPM
      Notes: Entire breeding population likely wintering in India.
    • 1320d. Carpodacus erythrinus roseatus (Blyth, 1842) [HB#2011]
      Original Description: Pyrrhula roseata Blyth, 1842 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol. 11, Part I, N° 125 p.461 (in text) (Sold in Kolkata)
      Distribution: Summer: Himalaya from Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, and Arunachal. Winter: Southern peninsula including W Ghats, E Ghats, Deccan hillocks as well as NE India.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, RBINS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM, YPM, TNHM, HYD
      Notes: Most males in winter quarters identifiable (RA2012).
  
  
  • 1321. Blyth's Rosefinch Carpodacus grandis Blyth, 1849 [HB#2018]
    Original Description: Carpodacus grandis Blyth, 1849 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol. 18, Part 2, N° 32 p.810-811 (Tyne Range,interpreted as a range in Uttarkashi district, Uttarakhand, near Mussoorie)
    Taxonomy: Sometimes treated as a subspecies of C. rhodochlamys Brandt, 1843 (HBW/BLI). Type specimen taken from Tyne range in N Uttarakhand and hence type locality has been modified from 'Range beyond Shimla'. See Praveen et al. (2024, Avian Systematics 2 (6): 69).
    Alternative Names: Red-mantled Rosefinch (with C. rhodochlamys EL)
    Distribution: W Himalaya – from Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, Himachal (mostly Lahaul-Spiti region, sporadic elsewhere), and Uttarakhand (sporadic).
    Type Specimen: ZSI#35595 (Holotype).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH
    IUCN: Not Recognised. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: Single photographic report from Sikkim (Rahut et al. 2011, IB 17 (5): 147) contested (as a Dark-rumped Rosefinch) and hence ignored here.
  
  
  • 1322. Pink-rumped Rosefinch Carpodacus waltoni (Sharpe, 1905)
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: See Sengupta (2017, IB 13 (4): 102).
    • 1322a. Carpodacus waltoni waltoni (Sharpe, 1905) [HB#2024]
      Original Description: Propasser waltoni Sharpe, 1905 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.95
      Distribution: Vagrant. Reported once from Sandakphu, N Bengal.
      Notes: Assumed to be this subspecies on range.
  
  
  • 1323. Himalayan Beautiful Rosefinch Carpodacus pulcherrimus (Moore, 1856)
    Alternative Names: Beautiful Rosefinch (with C. waltoni)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1323a. Carpodacus pulcherrimus pulcherrimus (Moore, 1856) [HB#2023]
      Original Description: Propasser pulcherrimus Moore, 1856 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 23 no.297 p.216
      Distribution: Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim (?), and W Arunachal.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, RBINS, FMNH, MCZ
  
  
  • 1324. Dark-rumped Rosefinch Carpodacus edwardsii Verreaux, 1871
    Original Description: Carpodacus edwardsii Verreaux, 1871 Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6(1870) p.39
    Alternative Names: Large Rosefinch
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1324a. Carpodacus edwardsii rubicundus (Greenway, 1933) [HB#2025]
      Original Description: Erythrina edwardsii rubicunda Greenway, 1933 Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 74 (5) p.163
      Taxonomy: New name for saturatus Blanford 1872 from Sikkim. Includes here tongluensis Wolters 1953.
      Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, and Arunachal.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, YPM
  
  
  • 1325. Pink-browed Rosefinch Carpodacus rodochroa (Vigors, 1831) [HB#2017]
    Original Description: Fringilla rodochroa Vigors, 1831 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 no.2 p.23 (Shimla-Almora Distict)
    Distribution: Along the Himalaya from Kashmir, through Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, and Sikkim.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, RBINS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
  • 1326. Spot-winged Rosefinch Carpodacus rodopeplus (Vigors, 1831) [HB#2019]
    Original Description: Fringilla rodopepla Vigors, 1831 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 no.2 p.23 (Shimla-Almora Distict)
    Distribution: Uttarakhand only.
    Specimens: NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: Mandelli's Sikkim specimen was reidentified as a Dark-breasted Rosefinch C rodopeplus and a Darjeeling specimen is considered fraudulent (RA2012). Recent reports from Sikkim and N Bengal lack good documentation to evaluate. Two Arunachal reports exist from Mayodia, Mishmi hills (Singh 1994, FT 10: 71) and Sela (Naoroji & Sangha 2006, IB 2 (5): 123; Sangha & Naoroji 2007, FT 23: 181), but observers had not considered Sharpe's Rosefinch C verreauxii which is more likely there.
  
  
  • 1327. Vinaceous Rosefinch Carpodacus vinaceus Verreaux, 1871 [HB#2017a]
    Original Description: Carpodacus vinaceus Verreaux, 1871 Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6 p.39
    Distribution: Winter: Nainital region (Uttarakhand) and also reported from Rohtang pass (Himachal).
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: See Sangha & Penhallurick (2007, JBNHS 103 (1): 103).
  
  
  • 1328. Pale Rosefinch Carpodacus stoliczkae (Hume, 1874)
    Original Description: Propasser stoliczkae Hume, 1874 Stray Feathers Vol. 2, N° 6 p.523
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: See Sharma & Sharma (2018, IB 14 (4): 110).
    • 1328a. Carpodacus stoliczkae salimalii (Meinertzhagen, 1938)
      Original Description: Erythrina synoica salimalii Meinertzhagen, 1938 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.95
      Distribution: Turtuk (Shyok valley) and once in Leh (Ladakh).
      Notes: Likely this subspecies based on photographs.
  
  
  • 1329. Sillem's Rosefinch Carpodacus sillemi (Roselaar, 1992)
    Original Description: Leucosticte sillemi Roselaar, 1992 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 112 p.226 (Kushku Maidan, Aksai Chin)
    Alternative Names: Sillem's Mountain Finch, Tawny-headed Mountain Finch
    Distribution: Vagrant. Reported once from Aksai Chin.
    Type Specimen: ZMA#43449 (Holotype).
    Specimens: RMNH
    IUCN: Data Deficient. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
  • 1330. Streaked Rosefinch Carpodacus rubicilloides Przevalski, 1876
    Original Description: Carpodacus rubicilloides Przevalski, 1876 Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.90 pl.12
    Alternative Names: Eastern Great Rosefinch, Streaked Great Rosefinch
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1330a. Carpodacus rubicilloides lucifer Meinertzhagen & Meinertzhagen, 1926 [HB#2028]
      Original Description: Carpodacus rubicilloides lucifer Meinertzhagen & Meinertzhagen, 1926 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.83
      Taxonomy: Includes here lapersonnei R. & A. Meinertzhagen 1926 from Chushul [=Shushal], E Ladakh.
      Distribution: Trans-Himalaya of Ladakh, Himachal (historical), and N Sikkim; straggler to Pangot (Uttarakhand).
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH
  
  
  • 1331. Great Rosefinch Carpodacus rubicilla (Güldenstädt, 1775)
    Original Description: Loxia rubicilla Güldenstädt, 1775 Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 19 p.464 pl.12
    Alternative Names: Spotted Great Rosefinch
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1331a. Carpodacus rubicilla severtzovi Sharpe, 1886 [HB#2027]
      Original Description: Carpodacus severtzovi Sharpe, 1886 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 3 No. 2 p.354 (in text)
      Taxonomy: Includes here elbis Koelz 1939 from Puga, Rupshu, Ladakh, and niethammeri Keve 1943 from Spiti to the Pamirs.
      Distribution: Trans-Himalaya of Gilgit, Ladakh, Himachal (Lahaul-Spiti region), N Uttarakhand (sporadic), and N Sikkim.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, USNM, YPM
  
  
  • 1332. Crimson-browed Finch Carpodacus subhimachalus (Hodgson, 1836) [HB#2033]
    Original Description: Corythus subhimachalus Hodgson, 1836 Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.152
    Alternative Names: Red-headed Rosefinch
    Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal; sporadic in Meghalaya, Nagaland, and Manipur.
    Specimens: NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: Cachar reports (AR2001) likely but not investigated. Upper Garhwal (Uttarakhand) sight reports not validated.
  
  
  • 1333. Red-fronted Rosefinch Carpodacus puniceus (Blyth, 1845)
    Alternative Names: Red-breasted Rosefinch
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1333a. Carpodacus puniceus kilianensis Vaurie, 1956 [HB#2029]
      Original Description: Carpodacus puniceus kilianensis Vaurie, 1956 American Museum Novitates no.1786 p.20
      Distribution: N Ladakh – north of the Karakoram range.
      Notes: RA2012 treats all birds in E Ladakh as this subspecies; on what authority is unclear. Distribution given here is after Vaurie (1956, American Museum Novelties 1786 p.22), who included this range in the species description and had access to at least a specimen collected from an untraced locality by name 'Tar Sar', not far from Sumdo near the Karakoram according to the collector's itinerary. Evidently, he examined specimen (s) that remain to be located. No specimens located in NHMUK nor in AMNH catalogue. There are multiple sites in Ladakh named Sumdo and an investigation required to ascertain the exact locality of the specimen. Inclusion presently follows RA2012.
    • 1333b. Carpodacus puniceus humii (Sharpe, 1888) [HB#2030]
      Original Description: Pyrrhospiza humii Sharpe, 1888 Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.433 (Kotegurh)
      Distribution: Gilgit, C and W Ladakh, Kashmir, Jammu, N Himachal, and N Uttarakhand.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1887.6.1.1409 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, USNM
    • 1333c. Carpodacus puniceus puniceus (Blyth, 1845) [HB#2031]
      Original Description: Pyrrhospiza punicea Blyth, 1845 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13 p.953
      Distribution: N Sikkim, N Bengal (historical), and W Arunachal (Sela).
      Specimens: NHMUK, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, YPM
  
  
  • 1334. Three-banded Rosefinch Carpodacus trifasciatus Verreaux, 1871 [HB#2026]
    Original Description: Carpodacus trifasciatus Verreaux, 1871 Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin 6 p.39
    Distribution: Vagrant. Reported only from Sela (Arunachal).
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: See Singh et al. (2021, IB 17 (1): 17).
  
  
  • 1335. Himalayan White-browed Rosefinch Carpodacus thura Bonaparte & Schlegel, 1850
    Alternative Names: White-browed Rosefinch (with C. dubius)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1335a. Carpodacus thura blythi (Biddulph, 1882) [HB#2020]
      Original Description: Propasser blythi Biddulph, 1882 Ibis (4) 6 (22) p.283-284, pl. IX (Gilgit, close to the Indus)
      Distribution: Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, and Uttarakhand (rarely).
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1897.12.10.792 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM, YPM
    • 1335b. Carpodacus thura thura Bonaparte & Schlegel, 1850 [HB#2021]
      Original Description: Carpodacus thura Bonaparte & Schlegel, 1850 Monographie des loxiens p.21 pl.23 (Sikkim)
      Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, and W Arunachal.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, RBINS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM
  
  
  • 1336. Chinese White-browed Rosefinch Carpodacus dubius Przevalski, 1876
    Original Description: Carpodacus dubius Przevalski, 1876 Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.92, pl. 13
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: See Praveen et al. (2016, IB 12 (1): 23).
    • 1336a. Carpodacus dubius femininus Rippon, 1906 [HB#2022]
      Original Description: Carpodacus femininus Rippon, 1906 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 19 p.31
      Distribution: Mishmi hills (once).
      Notes: On range, subspecies assumed to be this one.
  
  
• Pyrrhula Brisson, 1760 Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumaque varietates 1 p.36 Pyrrhula Brisson ; Type by tautonymy = Loxia pyrrhula Linnaeus, 1758
  • 1337. Brown Bullfinch Pyrrhula nipalensis Hodgson, 1836
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1337a. Pyrrhula nipalensis nipalensis Hodgson, 1836 [HB#2036]
      Original Description: Pyrrhula nipalensis Hodgson, 1836 Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.155
      Distribution: C Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, and W Arunachal.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, USNM, YPM
      Notes: Reports from Kashmir not considered definitive here.
    • 1337b. Pyrrhula nipalensis ricketti La Touche, 1905 [HB#2037]
      Original Description: Pyrrhula ricketti La Touche, 1905 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.21
      Taxonomy: Intergrades with the nominate subspecies in C Arunachal.
      Distribution: C and E Arunachal, and Nagaland.
      Specimens: UMMZ
      Notes: Specimens from Nagaland (UMMZ#176277-79).
    • 1337c. Pyrrhula nipalensis victoriae Rippon, 1906
      Original Description: Pyrrhula victoriae Rippon, 1906 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.47
      Distribution: Mizoram.
      Specimens: UMMZ
      Notes: Only known specimen (UMMZ#176276) is from Mizoram.
  
  
  • 1338. Orange Bullfinch Pyrrhula aurantiaca Gould, 1858 [HB#2040]
    Original Description: Pyrrhula aurantiaca Gould, 1858 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 25, no.340 p. 222 (Kashmir)
    Distribution: Kashmir, Jammu, and Himachal.
    Type Specimen: NHMUK#1858.9.7.5 (Syntype).
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, MCZ, USNM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Endemic: Western Himalaya.
    Notes: Uttarakhand report mentioned in RA2012 not verified.
  
  
  • 1339. Red-headed Bullfinch Pyrrhula erythrocephala Vigors, 1832 [HB#2039]
    Original Description: Pyrrhula erythrocephala Vigors, 1832 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 no.14 p. 174 (Shimla-Almora Distict)
    Distribution: Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, and W Arunachal.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMZC, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
  • 1340. Grey-headed Bullfinch Pyrrhula erythaca Blyth, 1862
    Taxonomy: Sometimes treated as monotypic (IOC, Avilist).
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1340a. Pyrrhula erythaca erythaca Blyth, 1862 [HB#2038]
      Original Description: Pyrrhula erythaca Blyth, 1862 Ibis p.389 (Sikkim)
      Distribution: N Bengal and Arunachal.
      Specimens: NHMUK, AMNH
      Notes: Specimens from the region are of the nominate subspecies.
  
  
• Rhodopechys Cabanis, 1851 Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der orithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.157 Fringilla sanguinea Gould, 1838; Type by original designation
  • 1341. Crimson-winged Finch Rhodopechys sanguineus (Gould, 1838) [HB#2009]
    Original Description: Fringilla sanguinea Gould, 1838 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Pt5 no.59 p. 127
    Alternative Names: Crimson-winged Desert Finch; Asian Crimson-winged Finch/Eurasian Crimson-winged Finch (with R. alienus EL)
    Distribution: Vagrant. Reported only from Shandur region in Gilgit.
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: See Praveen & Kichloo (2020, IB 16 (2): 49).
  
  
• Bucanetes Cabanis, 1851 Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der orithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.164 Pyrrhula payraudaei Audouin, 1826; Type by subsequent designation (Gray, 1855, Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum, p.81) = Fringilla githaginea Lichtenstein, 1823
  • 1342. Mongolian Finch Bucanetes mongolicus (Swinhoe, 1870) [HB#2007]
    Original Description: Carpodacus mongolicus Swinhoe, 1870 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 2 p.447
    Alternative Names: Mongolian Desert Finch
    Distribution: Gilgit, E Ladakh, sporadically to W Ladakh (Kargil region) as well as locally in Lahaul-Spiti region of Himachal.
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, AMNH
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
  • 1343. Trumpeter Finch Bucanetes githagineus (Lichtenstein, 1823)
    Original Description: Fringilla githaginea Lichtenstein, 1823 Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen p.24
    Alternative Names: Trumpeter Bullfinch
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1343a. Bucanetes githagineus crassirostris (Blyth, 1847) [HB#2006]
      Original Description: Carpodacus crassirostris Blyth, 1847 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol. 16, N° 5 p.476
      Distribution: Winter: Thar region (W Rajasthan) and Kachchh; Haryana (historical) and Ladakh (once).
      Specimens: NHMUK, ANSP
  
  
• Agraphospiza Zuccon, Prŷs-Jones, Rasmussen & Ericson, 2012 Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62 no.2 p.581-596 Procarduelis rubescens Blanford, 1872; Type by original designation
  • 1344. Blanford's Rosefinch Agraphospiza rubescens (Blanford, 1872) [HB#2016]
    Original Description: Procarduelis rubescens Blanford, 1872 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 3 p.694 pl.74 (Sikkim)
    Taxonomy: Leucotype as per AMNH catalogue.
    Alternative Names: Crimson Rosefinch
    Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, and W Arunachal.
    Type Specimen: AMNH#710175 (Leucotype).
    Specimens: NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
• Pyrrhoplectes Hodgson, 1844 The zoological miscellany 3 p.85 Pyrrhula epauletta Hodgson, 1836; Type by monotypy
  • 1345. Gold-naped Finch Pyrrhoplectes epauletta (Hodgson, 1836) [HB#2035]
    Original Description: Pyrrhula epauletta Hodgson, 1836 Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.156
    Alternative Names: Golden-naped Finch, Gold-headed Black Finch
    Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal and locally in Nagaland, Meghalaya (historical), and Manipur.
    Specimens: NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: Reports from W Himalaya not verified.
  
  
• Callacanthis Reichenbach, 1850 Conspectus generum avium 1 p.507 Carduelis burtoni Gould, 1838; Type by subsequent monotypy (Bonaparte, 1850, Conspectus generum avium, 1, p.507)
  • 1346. Spectacled Finch Callacanthis burtoni (Gould, 1838) [HB#1997]
    Original Description: Carduelis Burtoni Gould, 1838 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Pt5 no.57 p.90 (Srinagar, Kashmir)
    Alternative Names: Red-browed Finch
    Distribution: W Himalaya – from Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, and Uttarakhand; sporadic in N Bengal and Sikkim.
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Endemic: Western Himalaya.
  
  
• Procarduelis Blyth, 1843 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12 p. 985 Linota saturata Blyth, 1842; Type by monotypy = Carduelis nipalensis Hodgson, 1836
  • 1347. Dark-breasted Rosefinch Procarduelis nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836)
    Alternative Names: Dark Rosefinch, Nepal Rosefinch, Nepal Dark Rosefinch
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1347a. Procarduelis nipalensis kangrae Whistler, 1939 [HB#2014]
      Original Description: Procarduelis nipalensis kangrae Whistler, 1939 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 60 p.16 (Dharamshala,Himachal)
      Distribution: W Himalaya from Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, and Uttarakhand.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1887.6.1.141 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH
    • 1347b. Procarduelis nipalensis nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836) [HB#2015]
      Original Description: Carduelis nipalensis Hodgson, 1836 Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.157
      Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, and Arunachal; also, Nagaland and Manipur.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, YPM, BNHM
      Notes: Though no photographs have been obtained, multiple sight reports from Nagaland (Jan-May) and Manipur (November) treated here as valid. However, a single report from Meghalaya not treated here as definitive.
  
  
• Leucosticte Swainson, 1832 Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part second, the birds 2 p.265 Linaria (Leucosticte) tephrocotis Swainson, 1832; Type by monotypy
  • 1348. Plain Mountain Finch Leucosticte nemoricola (Hodgson, 1836)
    Alternative Names: Plain-coloured Mountain Finch, Hodgson's Mountain Finch
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1348a. Leucosticte nemoricola altaica (Eversmann, 1848) [HB#1999]
      Original Description: Fringilla altaica Eversmann, 1848 Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 21 no.1 p.223
      Distribution: W Himalaya from Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, and Uttarakhand.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM, YPM
    • 1348b. Leucosticte nemoricola nemoricola (Hodgson, 1836) [HB#2000]
      Original Description: Fringilauda nemoricola Hodgson, 1836 Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.158
      Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, and Arunachal; exceptionally in lowland E Assam (Dibru Saikhowa).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM
  
  
  • 1349. Black-headed Mountain Finch Leucosticte brandti Bonaparte, 1850
    Alternative Names: Brandt's Mountain Finch
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1349a. Leucosticte brandti brandti Bonaparte, 1850 [HB#2001]
      Original Description: Leucosticte brandti Bonaparte, 1850 Conspectus generum avium 1 p.537
      Distribution: Winter: Gilgit (straggler).
      Specimens: NHMUK
      Notes: Biddulph's collection (NHMUK#1887.6.1.496).
    • 1349b. Leucosticte brandti pamirensis Severtsov, 1883 [HB#2002]
      Original Description: Leucosticte pamirensis Severtsov, 1883 Ibis p.58
      Distribution: Winter: Gilgit and Ladakh.
      Specimens: NHMUK, MCZ
      Notes: Biddulph's collection (NHMUK#188.9.12.145 etc) from Gilgit while Vaurie examined a specimen (MCZ#166798) from Ladakh which has now been located (Sankar 2024, IB 20 (2): 63).
    • 1349c. Leucosticte brandti haematopygia (Gould, 1851) [HB#2003-2004]
      Original Description: Montifringilia haematopygia Gould, 1851 The birds of Asia 5 pt3 pl.3, text (Tso Morari Lake)
      Taxonomy: Includes here audreyana Stresemann 1939 from Zemu Glaciar (ZMB#39.833), N Sikkim; which is distinct enough as per RA2012.
      Distribution: Gilgit, Ladakh, N Sikkim, and W Arunachal.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, ZMB, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM, YPM
      Notes: Report from Gangotri (Uttarakhand) likely to be correct. Report of pallidior from Sikkim in AR2001 found to be fraudulent (RA2012).
  
  
• Rhodospiza Sharpe, 1888 Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 12 p.282 Fringilla obsoleta M.H.C. Lichtenstein, 1823; Type by monotypy
  • 1350. Desert Finch Rhodospiza obsoleta (Lichtenstein, 1823) [HB#2008]
    Original Description: Fringilla obsoleta Lichtenstein, 1823 Reise von Orenburg nach Buchara p.132
    Alternative Names: Lichtenstein's Desert Finch
    Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Borit Lake (Gilgit), Nathusari Chopta in Sirsa (Haryana), and Jaisalmer (Rajasthan).
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: See Goyal & Goyal (2021, IB 17 (1): 13).
  
  
• Chloris Cuvier, 1800 Leçons d'anatomie comparée 1, tab. 2 Verdiers Cuvier ; Type by tautonymy = Loxia chloris Linnaeus, 1758
  • 1351. European Greenfinch Chloris chloris (Linnaeus, 1758)
    Original Description: Loxia chloris Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae ed. 10 1 p.174
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Recent addition.
    • 1351a. Chloris chloris turkestanica Zarudny, 1907
      Original Description: Chloris chloris turkestanicus Zarudny, 1907 Ornithologische Monatsberichte 15, p.61
      Taxonomy: Subspecies assumed on range.
      Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Srinagar (Kashmir).
      Notes: See Riyaz et al. (2025, IB 21 (1): 16)
  
  
  • 1352. Yellow-breasted Greenfinch Chloris spinoides (Vigors, 1831)
    Alternative Names: Himalayan Greenfinch
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1352a. Chloris spinoides spinoides (Vigors, 1831) [HB#1990]
      Original Description: Carduelis spinoides Vigors, 1831 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 no.4 p.44 (Shimla)
      Distribution: Along the Himalaya from Gilgit, Ladakh (sporadic), Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, adjoining Haryana and N Uttar Pradesh; N Bengal, Sikkim, and W Arunachal.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, YPM, BNHM
    • 1352b. Chloris spinoides heinrichi (Stresemann, 1940) [HB#1992]
      Original Description: Carduelis spinoides heinrichi Stresemann, 1940 Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 24 p.153
      Distribution: Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram.
      Specimens: NHMUK, UMMZ, YPM
  
  
  • 1353. Black-headed Greenfinch Chloris ambigua (Oustalet, 1896)
    Original Description: Chrysomitris ambigua Oustalet, 1896 Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 2 p.186
    Alternative Names: Tibetan Greenfinch
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: See Gode (2013, IB 8 (5): 126), Dalvi (2013, IB 8 (5): 130), Singh (2015, IB 8 (5): 133).
    • 1353a. Chloris ambigua taylori (Kinnear, 1939) [HB#1991]
      Original Description: Hypacanthis spinoides taylori Kinnear, 1939 Ibis (14) 3 (4) p.752
      Distribution: NE Arunachal (Upper Dibang valley and Walong region).
      Notes: On range, assumed to be this subspecies.
  
  
• Linaria Bechstein, 1802 Ornithologisches Taschenbuch von und für Deutschland (etc.) 3 p.131,135 Fringilla cannabina Linnaeus, 1758; Type by subsequent designation (Gray, 1855, Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum, p.78)
  • 1354. Twite Linaria flavirostris (Linnaeus, 1758)
    Original Description: Fringilla flavirostris Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.182
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1354a. Linaria flavirostris montanella (Hume, 1873) [HB#1995]
      Original Description: Linota montanella Hume, 1873 Lahore to Yārkand (etc.) 261, pl. 26
      Taxonomy: Includes here baltistanicus R. & A. Meinertzhagen 1926 from Sanpur, near Skardu (Gilgit).
      Distribution: Gilgit.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, FMNH
    • 1354b. Linaria flavirostris rufostrigata (Walton, 1905) [HB#1996]
      Original Description: Linota rufostrigata Walton, 1905 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 15 p.93
      Taxonomy: Includes here ladacensis R. & A. Meinertzhagen 1926.
      Distribution: Trans-Himalaya of Ladakh, Lahaul-Spiti, and N Sikkim.
      Specimens: NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, YPM
      Notes: Uttarakhand records (from Gangotri) lacking in details, but likely to be correct.
  
  
  • 1355. Eurasian Linnet Linaria cannabina (Linnaeus, 1758)
    Original Description: Fringilla cannabina Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.182
    Alternative Names: Linnet, Common Linnet, Eastern Linnet, European Linnet
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1355a. Linaria cannabina bella (Brehm, 1845) [HB#1994]
      Original Description: Fringilla bella Brehm, 1845 Isis Heft 11 col.348
      Distribution: Winter: Sporadic in Gilgit, Ladakh, and Kangra (Himachal).
      Specimens: USNM
      Notes: The only known specimen (USNM#126837) is from Baltistan.
  
  
• Loxia Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.171 Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus, 1758; Type by subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus, 1, p.49)
  • 1356. Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus, 1758
    Original Description: Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.171
    Alternative Names: Crossbill
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1356a. Loxia curvirostra himalayensis Blyth, 1845 [HB#2032]
      Original Description: L.[oxia] himalayensis Blyth, 1845 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13 p.952
      Taxonomy: RA2012 opinions that a revision of Red Crossbill taxonomy may warrant a species status for the regional subspecies. Additionally, the large-billed birds recorded from N Sikkim from the Tibetan population may represent an undescribed subspecies.
      Distribution: Sporadic in W Himalaya of Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, Himachal, and Uttarakhand; N Bengal, Sikkim, and Arunachal till Walong region.
      Specimens: NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ
  
  
• Carduelis Brisson, 1760 Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumaque varietates 1 p.36;3, p.53 Carduelis Brisson ; Type by tautonymy = Fringilla carduelis Linnaeus, 1758
  • 1357. Grey-crowned Goldfinch Carduelis caniceps Vigors, 1831
    Taxonomy: Until recently, treated as a subspecies of C. carduelis (Linnaeus 1758).
    Alternative Names: Grey-capped Goldfinch; [Goldfinch, European Goldfinch]
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1357a. Carduelis caniceps caniceps Vigors, 1831 [HB#1989]
      Original Description: Carduelis caniceps Vigors, 1831 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 p.23 (Shimla-Almora districts, W Himalaya)
      Distribution: W Himalaya from Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, and Uttarakhand; sporadically in adjoining Punjab and Haryana.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, LKO
  
  
• Serinus Koch, 1816 System der baierischen Zoologie (etc.) 1 p.228 pl.6A fig.50 Serinus hortulanus Koch, 1816; Type by monotypy = Fringilla serinus Linnaeus, 1766
  • 1358. Fire-fronted Serin Serinus pusillus (Pallas, 1811) [HB#1998]
    Original Description: Passer pusillus Pallas, 1811 Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 2 p.28
    Taxonomy: Includes Emberiza aurifrons Blyth 1849 from Himachal Pradesh.
    Alternative Names: Red-fronted Serin, Gold-fronted Finch
    Distribution: W Himalaya from Gilgit, Ladakh, through Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, and Uttarakhand; also, rarely in immediate adjacent Haryana.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMZC, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
• Spinus Koch, 1816 System der baierischen Zoologie (etc.) 1 p. 232 Fringilla spinus Linnaeus, 1758; Type by tautonymy
  • 1359. Tibetan Siskin Spinus thibetanus (Hume, 1872) [HB#1993]
    Original Description: Chrysomitris thibetana Hume, 1872 Ibis p.107 (Borders of Sikkim and Tibet)
    Alternative Names: Tibetan Serin
    Distribution: Winter: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, and Nagaland.
    Type Specimen: NHMUK#1887.6.1.2333 (Holotype).
    Specimens: NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
  • 1360. Eurasian Siskin Spinus spinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
    Original Description: Fringilla Spinus Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.181
    Distribution: Gilgit around Borit Lake. Vagrant along the Himalaya and reported from Ladakh, Kashmir, Himachal, and Arunachal Pradesh.
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: See Kannan et al. (2024, IB 20 (6): 182).
  
  
• Calcarius Bechstein, 1802 Ornithologisches Taschenbuch von und für Deutschland (etc.) 1, p. 130 Fringilla lapponica Linnaeus, 1758; Type by monotypy
  • 1361. Lapland Longspur Calcarius lapponicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
    Original Description: Fringilla lapponica Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.180
    Alternative Names: Lapland Bunting
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Recent addition.
    • 1361a. Calcarius lapponicus coloratus Ridgway, 1898
      Original Description: Calcarius lapponicus coloratus Ridgway, 1898 The Auk 15 p.320
      Taxonomy: Subspecies assumed though kamtschaticus Portenko, 1937, which is poorly differentiated from this, can also occur.
      Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Namdapha (E Arunachal).
      Notes: See Mekola et al. (2023, IB 19 (4): 109)