Birds of India - The New Synopsis

A complete checklist of bird species and subspecies found in India

Passeriformes (Perching Birds)

Muscicapidae (Flycatchers, Chats and allies)

• Cercotrichas Boie, 1831 Isis 24 col.542 Turdus erythropterus Gmelin, 1789; Type by subsequent designation (Finsch & Hartlaub, 1870, Die Vögel Ost-Afrikas, p.249) = Turdus podobe Statius Muller, 1776
  • 1122. Rufous-tailed Scrub-Robin Cercotrichas galactotes (Temminck, 1820)
    Original Description: Sylvia galactotes Temminck, 1820 Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.) ed.2, part 1 p.182
    Alternative Names: Rufous Chat
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1122a. Cercotrichas galactotes familiaris (Ménétries, 1832) [HB#1641]
      Original Description: Sylvia familiaris Ménétries, 1832 Catalogue raisonné des objets de zoologie recueillis dans un voyage au Caucase et jusqu'aux frontières actuelles de la Perse p.32
      Distribution: W Rajasthan and Kachchh during passage migration but straggling to Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Delhi region, C and S Rajasthan, NW Maharashtra, as well as rest of Gujarat.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, MCZ
  
  
• Copsychus Wagler, 1827 Systema Avium Gracula p.306 Gracula saularis Linnaeus, 1758; Type by subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus, p.21)
  • 1123. Indian Robin Copsychus fulicatus (Linnaeus, 1766)
    Alternative Names: Indian Black Robin
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1123a. Copsychus fulicatus cambaiensis (Latham, 1790) [HB#1717]
      Original Description: Sylvia cambaiensis Latham, 1790 Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.554 (Gujarat)
      Taxonomy: Includes munda Van Tyne & Koelz 1936 from Bhadwar, Kangra, Himachal and lucknowensis Koelz 1939 from Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.
      Distribution: Sub-Himalayan foothills from Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand through Indo-Gangetic plains till about W Bihar; Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh south till about Tapti river.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, YPM, FTLB
    • 1123b. Copsychus fulicatus erythrurus (Lesson, 1832) [HB#1718]
      Original Description: Turdus (Saxicoloides) erythrurus Lesson, 1832 Voyage aux Indes Orientales par le Nord de l'Europe, les provinces du Caucase, la Géorgie, l'Arménie et la Perse (etc.). Zoologie pt4 p.270 (Bengal)
      Taxonomy: Includes stuartbakeri Koelz 1939 from Bodhgaya, Bihar.
      Distribution: E Bihar, Jharkhand, N Odisha, and W Bengal.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, FMNH
    • 1123c. Copsychus fulicatus intermedius (Whistler & Kinnear, 1932) [HB#1719]
      Original Description: Saxicoloides fulicata intermedia Whistler & Kinnear, 1932 Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 36 no.1 p.73 (Rahuri, Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra)
      Taxonomy: Intergradation zone not completely worked out – Tapti and Krishna rivers as the northern and southern boundaries assigned for convenience; northeastern boundary uncertain.
      Distribution: C India from Tapti river, Maharashtra (except SW), E Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, C and S Odisha, Telangana, and NE Andhra roughly till about Krishna river.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1886.10.1.420 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, FMNH, MCZ, HYD
    • 1123d. Copsychus fulicatus fulicatus (Linnaeus, 1766) [HB#1720]
      Original Description: (Motacilla) fulicata Linnaeus, 1766 Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] 12, p.336 (Puducherry [=Pondicherry])
      Taxonomy: Includes ptymatura Vieillot 1818 from 'Le Bengale' = Pondicherry [=Puducherry] and rufiventer Swainson 1832 from 'Le Bengale' = Pondicherry [=Puducherry].
      Distribution: S Peninsula from SW Maharashtra, Karnataka, S Andhra, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM, TNHM
  
  
  • 1124. Oriental Magpie-Robin Copsychus saularis (Linnaeus, 1758)
    Alternative Names: Magpie Robin
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1124a. Copsychus saularis saularis (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#1661 & 1663]
      Original Description: Gracula Saularis Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.165 (Bengal)
      Distribution: Entire India – from Ladakh, Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, west till Rajasthan, and Gujarat; sporadic in Thar and Rann; entire NE India and south till about Karnataka and N Tamil Nadu roughly till Kaveri river.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, HYD, FTLB, BNHM
    • 1124b. Copsychus saularis ceylonensis Sclater, 1861 [HB#1662]
      Original Description: Copsychus ceylonensis Sclater, 1861 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 2 p.186
      Distribution: Kerala, C and S Tamil Nadu roughly south of Kaveri river.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMZC, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, USNM, TNHM
    • 1124c. Copsychus saularis andamanensis Hume, 1874 [HB#1664]
      Original Description: Copsychus andamanensis Hume, 1874 Stray Feathers Vol. 2, N° 1, 2 & 3 p.231 (in text) (Andaman Is)
      Distribution: N, Middle, S, and Little Andaman Is, as well as islets of Paget, N Reef, Ross (in N Andaman), Buchanan, Long, Outram, Havelock, Neil, Ross (Netaji), Tarmugli, Alexandra, Red Skin, Boat, Jolly Buoy, and Rutland Is.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, ROM
  
  
  • 1125. White-rumped Shama Copsychus malabaricus (Scopoli, 1786)
    Alternative Names: Shama
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CITES: Appendix II.
    • 1125a. Copsychus malabaricus malabaricus (Scopoli, 1786) [HB#1665]
      Original Description: Muscicapa malabarica Scopoli, 1786 Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae 2 p.96 (Mahe, Malabar)
      Distribution: W Ghats from Surat Dangs, Khandesh, W Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, and W Tamil Nadu; extending further east along the SE Ghats till about Kaveri river including Biligirirangans.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, USNM, YPM, TNHM, HYD, LKO
    • 1125b. Copsychus malabaricus macrourus (Gmelin, 1789) [HB#1667]
      Original Description: Turdus macrourus Gmelin, 1789 Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.820
      Taxonomy: Includes indicus Baker 1924, which was previously the name for the N Indian population (AR2001, RA2012, H&M4); but now treated as a synonym of macrourus which also includes the SE Asian population.
      Distribution: Sub-Himalayan foothills from about SE Himachal, Chandigarh region, through Uttarakhand, N Uttar Pradesh, N Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, adjoining Arunachal, and all NE hill states; also in E India from S W Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, E Madhya Pradesh, E Maharashtra, adjoining Telangana, E Ghats of Andhra, SE Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu till about Kolli and Pachamalai hills.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, FMNH, LKO, BNHM
  
  
  • 1126. Andaman Shama Copsychus albiventris (Blyth, 1858) [HB#1668]
    Original Description: Kittacincla albiventris Blyth, 1858 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol. 27, N° 3 p.269 (Andaman Is)
    Distribution: N, Middle, S, and Little Andaman Is as well as islets of Interview, Long, Spike, Havelock, Neil, Tarmugli, Alexandra, Jolly Buoy, and Rutland Is.
    Type Specimen: ZSI#35537 (Syntype).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, AMNH, MCZ
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Endemic: Andaman & Nicobar Is.
  
  
• Muscicapa Brisson, 1760 Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumaque varietates 1 p.32;2, p.357 pl.5 fig.3 Muscicapa Brisson ; Type by tautonymy = Motacilla striata Pallas, 1764
  • 1127. Grey-streaked Flycatcher Muscicapa griseisticta (Swinhoe, 1861)
    Original Description: Hemichelidon griseisticta Swinhoe, 1861 Ibis p.330
    Distribution: Vagrant. S Andaman Is.
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Recent addition. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Mohan et al. (2025, IB 21 (1): 14).
  
  
  • 1128. Ferruginous Flycatcher Muscicapa ferruginea (Hodgson, 1845) [HB#1410]
    Original Description: H[emichelidon]. ferruginea Hodgson, 1845 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 13, no.146 p. 32
    Taxonomy: Includes russata Koelz 1954 from Kohima, Nagaland.
    Distribution: Summer: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, Meghalaya, Cachar, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram. Has straggled to S W Bengal, and Narcondam Is.
    Specimens: ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, YPM, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: Winter range probably outside the region in SE Asia. S Andhra record in RA2012 untraced.
  
  
  • 1129. Dark-sided Flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica Gmelin, 1789
    Original Description: Muscicapa sibirica Gmelin, 1789 Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.936
    Alternative Names: Sooty Flycatcher
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1129a. Muscicapa sibirica gulmergi (Baker, 1923) [HB#1405]
      Original Description: Hemichelidon sibirica gulmergi Baker, 1923 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.155 (Gulmerg, Kashmir)
      Distribution: W Himalaya from Gilgit, Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, and Uttarakhand. Winter: Has straggled to Goa, SE Ghats of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, and E coastal Tamil Nadu.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1894.8.13.13 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, LKO
      Notes: S Indian birds assumed to be this subspecies.
    • 1129b. Muscicapa sibirica cacabata Penard, 1919 [HB#1406]
      Original Description: Muscicapa sibirica cacabata Penard, 1919 Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 7 p.22
      Taxonomy: New name for H[emichelidon]. fuliginosa Hodgson 1844 from Nepal.
      Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, and all NE hill states. Winter: Sporadically in S W Bengal, S Jharkhand and N Odisha; has straggled to Narcondam and S Andaman Is.
      Specimens: UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, YPM, BNHM
      Notes: Records from eastern parts of India assumed to be this subspecies.
  
  
  • 1130. Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica Pallas, 1811
    Original Description: Muscicapa Grisola var. Dauurica Pallas, 1811 Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.461
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1130a. Muscicapa dauurica poonensis Sykes, 1832 [HB#1407]
      Original Description: Muscicapa Poonensis Sykes, 1832 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 2 p.85 (Deccan [=Dukhan])
      Taxonomy: Mlíkovský (2012, Zootaxa 3393 (1): 53) suggested latirostris as the correct name to use but Dickinson et al. (2014, Zootaxa 3869 (3): 343) argued aganist it, and the same followed here. Regional subspecies poonensis is sometimes synonymised with the nominate subspecies, but see RA2012 why it needs to be recognised. Listing nominate in museums probably follows the older taxonomy but the nominate might be occurring in NE India or Andaman & Nicobar Is. during its passage migration.
      Distribution: Breeding: W Himachal (probably till Jammu and Ladakh), Uttarakhand, N Bengal, and Sikkim; disjunctly in peninsular Indian hills including C Indian highlands, W Ghats, and possibly E Ghats. Non-breeding: Most of the S peninsula in regions south of C Indian highlands, Assam, and NE hill states; also, Andaman, Narcondam, Barren, Nicobar Is. (all groups), and Lakshadweep Is.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1860.4.16.117 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, YPM
  
  
  • 1131. Brown-breasted Flycatcher Muscicapa muttui (Layard, 1854) [HB#1408]
    Original Description: Butalis Muttui Layard, 1854 The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology (2), 13 p.127
    Taxonomy: Includes khosrovi Koelz 1954 from Aizawl, Mizoram.
    Distribution: Summer: Sikkim, Arunachal, adjoining Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, and Mizoram. Winter: Gujarat, W Ghats from Surat Dangs south till the southern tip including the midlands of SW India. On passage, mostly in the intervening regions in E and EC India from S W Bengal till Tamil Nadu; rare further west in the Indo-Gangetic plains.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, USNM, YPM, TNHM, HYD
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: No breeding claims from W Ghats investigated (see RA2012); historically no summer reports from N Sikkim or Arunachal but several in recent years.
  
  
  • 1132. Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata (Pallas, 1764)
    Original Description: Motacilla striata Pallas, 1764 Adumbratiunculæ. Avium variarum praecedenti elencho insertarum, sed quæ in Systemate Naturæ Illustr. Linnæi nondum extant p.3 no.168
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • [Muscicapa striata neumanni Poche, 1904 ]
      Original Description: Muscicapa grisola neumanni Poche, 1904 Ornithologische Monatsberichte 12 no.2 p.26
      Taxonomy: New name for sibirica Neumann 1900.
      Distribution: Kachchh.
      Notes: RA2012 suggests this may subspecies occur. UMMZ #80180 (Himachal Pradesh) listed as this subspecies has not been examined and may not be correct.
    • 1132a. Muscicapa striata sarudnyi Snigirevski, 1928 [HB#1403-1404]
      Original Description: Muscicapa striata sarudnyi Snigirevski, 1928 Journal für Ornithologie 76 no.3 p.595
      Taxonomy: New name for Butalis grisola var. pallida Zarudny 1903.
      Distribution: Non-breeding: Ladakh, W Rajasthan and Gujarat during passage migration (mostly autumn but sporadically spring as well); but also in Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Delhi region, E Rajasthan, NW Maharashtra, and exceptionally from S W Bengal, Odisha, Goa, W Karnataka, Kerala, S Tamil Nadu, Lakshadweep Is., and S Andaman Is.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK
      Notes: See Abhinav et al. (2022, IB 18 (2): 53) for spring records.
    • [Muscicapa striata mongola Portenko, 1955 ]
      Original Description: Muscicapa striata mongola Portenko, 1955 Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR 18, p. 506
      Distribution: Chidiyatapu (S Andaman Is.).
      Notes: This subspecies breeds in SE Altai east to SE Transbaikalia and N Mongolia which most likely is passing through India during migration. Andaman record tentatively listed under this subspecies.
  
  
• Leucoptilon Sangster, Alström, Gaudin & Olsson, 2021 Zootaxa 5072 (6): 599-600 Muscicapa concreta Müller, 1836; Type by original designation
  • 1133. White-tailed Flycatcher Leucoptilon concretum (Müller, 1836)
    Original Description: Muscicapa concreta Müller, 1836 Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt. 3 p.351
    Alternative Names: White-tailed Blue Flycatcher
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1133a. Leucoptilon concretum cyaneum (Hume, 1877) [HB#1434]
      Original Description: Muscitrea cyanea Hume, 1877 Stray Feathers 5 no.2 p.101
      Distribution: SE Arunachal (Namdapha region) and E Assam (Dihing-Patkai region); rarely in other localities in lowland E Arunachal.
      Specimens: NHMUK, AMNH
  
  
• Sholicola Robin, Vishnudas, Gupta, Rheindt, Hooper, Ramakrishnan & Reddy, 2017 BMC Evolutionary Biology 2017 17:31 Phoenicura major Jerdon, 1841; Type by original designation
  • 1134. Nilgiri Sholakili Sholicola major (Jerdon, 1841) [HB#1637]
    Original Description: Phoenicura major Jerdon, 1841 Madras Journal of Literature and Science 13 p.170 (Nilgiris)
    Alternative Names: Nilgiri Shortwing, Nilgiri Blue Robin, Nilgiri Blue Sholakili; Rufous-bellied Shortwing (with S. [m.] albiventris)
    Distribution: CW and SW Ghats – from Bababudan hills and Kudremukh in CW Ghats of Karnataka through Kodagu, Wayanad, Nilgiris and Muthikulam hills.
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH, LKO
    IUCN: Near Threatened. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I.
    Endemic: Western Ghats.
  
  
  • 1135. White-bellied Sholakili Sholicola albiventris (Blanford, 1868)
    Alternative Names: White-bellied Blue Robin, White-bellied Shortwing; Ashambu Sholakili S. [a.] ashambuensis
    IUCN: Near Threatened. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I.
    Endemic: Western Ghats.
    • 1135a. Sholicola albiventris albiventris (Blanford, 1868) [HB#1638]
      Original Description: Callene albiventris Blanford, 1868 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 3 p.833, pl. XXXIX (Palani hills)
      Taxonomy: ZSI#35534 from Palani Hills, Tamil Nadu listed as Holotype in ZSI register must be another Syntype.
      Distribution: SW Ghats from Palani, Munnar, and Grass hills and further south sparingly in Cardamom hills; also, in Varusanadu and Pandalam hills till Devarmala in the south – not reported further south till Aryankavu pass.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1869.9.15.2 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, FMNH, TNHM
      Notes: Not reported definitively from Nelliampathies though it lies south of the Palakkad gap.
    • 1135b. Sholicola albiventris ashambuensis Robin et al., 2017
      Original Description: Sholicola ashambuensis Robin et al., 2017 BMC Evolutionary Biology 2017 17:31 (Chemunji hills, Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala)
      Distribution: SW Ghats, south of Aryankavu pass in Ashambu hills including Shendurney (Pandimotta), Kulathupuzha (Chemmunji), Peppara (Pandipath), and Neyyar (Agasthyamala) in Kerala and Kalakkad-Mundanthurai and Mahendragiri in Tamil Nadu.
      Type Specimen: TNHM#725 (Holotype).
      Specimens: TNHM
  
  
• Niltava Hodgson, 1837 The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.650 Niltava sundara Hodgson, 1837; Type by original designation
  • 1136. Large Niltava Niltava grandis (Blyth, 1842)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1136a. Niltava grandis grandis (Blyth, 1842) [HB#1428]
      Original Description: Chaïtaris grandis Blyth, 1842 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11 p.189 (Darjeeling)
      Taxonomy: Includes pangpui Koelz 1954 from Sangau, Mizoram.
      Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, and Mizoram. Straggler to S W Bengal.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, RBINS, UMMZ, FMNH, ROM, USNM, YPM, BNHM
  
  
  • 1137. Small Niltava Niltava macgrigoriae (Burton, 1836)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1137a. Niltava macgrigoriae macgrigoriae (Burton, 1836) [HB#1429]
      Original Description: Phoenicura MacGrigoriae Burton, 1836 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 3, no.34 p.152 (W Himalaya)
      Distribution: E Himachal, adjoining Punjab, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, and Sikkim. Straggler to S W Bengal.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, ROM
    • 1137b. Niltava macgrigoriae signata (McClelland, 1840) [HB#1430]
      Original Description: Leiothrix signata McClelland, 1840 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part VII p.162 (Assam)
      Taxonomy: Intergrades with the nominate subspecies in N Bengal and Sikkim (AR2001).
      Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, and all NE hill states.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1880.1.1.893 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, USNM, YPM, BNHM
  
  
  • 1138. Rufous-bellied Niltava Niltava sundara Hodgson, 1837
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1138a. Niltava sundara whistleri Ticehurst, 1926 [HB#1431]
      Original Description: Niltava sundara whistleri Ticehurst, 1926 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.113
      Distribution: W Himalaya of Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, and adjoining Punjab and Haryana.
      Specimens: BNHS, UMMZ, FMNH
    • 1138b. Niltava sundara sundara Hodgson, 1837 [HB#1432]
      Original Description: Niltava Sundara Hodgson, 1837 The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.650
      Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, and Mizoram. Straggler to Bihar and S W Bengal.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, BNHM
  
  
  • 1139. Chinese Vivid Niltava Niltava oatesi Salvadori, 1887 [HB#1433]
    Original Description: Niltava Oatesi Salvadori, 1887 Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 13 p. 514
    Alternative Names: Large Vivid Niltava; Rufous-bellied Blue Flycatcher/Vivid Niltava (with N. vivida EL),
    Distribution: Breeding: NE Arunachal (east from Siang). Non-breeding: Reported from E Assam, Meghalaya, and Mizoram (last two historical only).
    Specimens: NHMUK, UMMZ
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Kumar et al. (2018, IB 14 (4): 124). Non-breeding reports are likely birds in passage migration. Reports from west of Siang from Eaglenest and Tawang regions not investigated here.
  
  
• Cyanoptila Blyth, 1847 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16 p.124 Muscicapa cyanomelana Temminck, 1829; Type by monotypy
  • 1140. Zappey's Flycatcher Cyanoptila cumatilis Thayer & Bangs, 1909
    Original Description: Cyanoptila cumatilis Thayer & Bangs, 1909 Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 52 (8) p.141
    Distribution: Vagrant. Only reported from Middle Andaman.
    IUCN: Near Threatened. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Gokulakrishnan et al. (2018, BA 30: 107).
  
  
  • 1141. Blue-and-white Flycatcher Cyanoptila cyanomelana (Temminck, 1829)
    Original Description: Muscicapa cyanomelana Temminck, 1829 Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.79 pl.470
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: Possibly there is a westward range expansion towards India in recent decades. Records of juvenile birds from elsewhere in peninsular India (Madhya Pradesh, Telangana) not assignable to this species or C cumulatis. Sight report from Arunachal not evaluated. See Kawale (2013, JBNHS 110 (1): 75), Barve & Kamath (2016, IB 11 (1): 24), Vittapu & Dey (2021, IB 17 (4): 126).
    • 1141a. Cyanoptila cyanomelana intermedia (Weigold, 1922)
      Original Description: Muscicapa cyanomelana intermedia Weigold, 1922 Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 15 (3) p.30
      Distribution: Non-breeding: Sporadic in the W Ghats from Mumbai region till SC Kerala and Andaman Is. Vagrant elsewhere.
      Notes: Unclear on which subspecies, but the continental breeding subspecies is more likely.
  
  
• Eumyias Cabanis, 1851 Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der orithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine 1 p.53 Muscicapa indigo Horsfield, 1821; Type by monotypy
  • 1142. Nilgiri Flycatcher Eumyias albicaudatus (Jerdon, 1840) [HB#1446]
    Original Description: Muscicapa albi-caudata Jerdon, 1840 Madras Journal of Literature and Science 11 p.16 (Nilgiris)
    Taxonomy: Syntypes also listed in ZSI register (ZSI#35480-81).
    Alternative Names: Nilgiri Verditer Flycatcher
    Distribution: CW Ghats in Bababudan hills and Kudremukh extending south through Kodagu and all along SW Ghats till Kalakkad; includes eastern spurhills of Nilgiris, Biligirirangans, and Palanis.
    Type Specimen: NHMUK#1845.1.10.51 (Holotype).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM, TNHM, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Endemic: Western Ghats.
  
  
  • 1143. Verditer Flycatcher Eumyias thalassinus (Swainson, 1838)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1143a. Eumyias thalassinus thalassinus (Swainson, 1838) [HB#1445]
      Original Description: Muscicapa thalassina Swainson, 1838 The Naturalist's Library 21 p.252 (India)
      Taxonomy: New name for Muscicapa melanops Vigors 1832.
      Distribution: Breeding: Himalaya from Gilgit in the west till Arunachal in the east; as well as hills of Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, and Mizoram. Non-breeding: Entire country till the southern tip of the peninsula as well as entire NE India; straggler to Andaman Is.
      Type Specimen: UMZC#27/Mus/16/e/6 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMZC, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM, TNHM, HYD, FTLB, BNHM
  
  
• Anthipes Blyth, 1847 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16 pt1 p.122 Dimorpha monileger Hodgson, 1845; Type by subsequent designation (Gray, 1855, Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum, p.53)
  • 1144. White-gorgeted Flycatcher Anthipes monileger (Hodgson, 1845)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1144a. Anthipes monileger monileger (Hodgson, 1845) [HB#1415]
      Original Description: D[imorpha].? monileger Hodgson, 1845 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 13, no.146 p.26
      Taxonomy: Some birds in E Arunachal is intermediate (RA2012).
      Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal till about Lohit valley.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, FMNH
    • 1144b. Anthipes monileger leucops (Sharpe, 1888) [HB#1416]
      Original Description: Digenea leucops Sharpe, 1888 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 2 p.246 (Shillong)
      Taxonomy: Namdapha birds temporarily placed here.
      Distribution: SE Arunachal, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, Mizoram, and Tripura.
      Specimens: BNHS, UMMZ, AMNH, YPM
  
  
• Cyornis Blyth, 1843 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12 p.940 Phoenicura rubeculoides Vigors, 1831; Type by subsequent designation (Gray, 1855, Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum, p.53)
  • 1145. Hainan Blue Flycatcher Cyornis hainanus (Ogilvie-Grant, 1900)
    Original Description: Siphia hainana Ogilvie-Grant, 1900 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 10, p.36
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1145a. Cyornis hainanus dialilaemus Salvadori, 1889
      Original Description: Cyornis dialilaema Salvadori, 1889 Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 27 p.387
      Taxonomy: Formerly treated as a subspecies of C. rubeculoides but now under C. hainanus (Singh et al. 2019, Ibis 162 (3):933). More evidence desirable from regions of contact. All low-altitude breeding populations in NE India considered this subspecies.
      Distribution: Arunachal, Assam, and all NE hill states.
      Specimens: UMMZ
      Notes: Exact western limits of this subspecies unclear; birds with features of this taxon occur sparingly in W Himalaya as well as in S India (during winter).
  
  
  • 1146. White-bellied Blue Flycatcher Cyornis pallidipes (Jerdon, 1840) [HB#1435]
    Original Description: Muscicapa pallipes Jerdon, 1840 Madras Journal of Literature and Science 11 p.15 (Coonoor Ghats, Tamil Nadu)
    Distribution: W Ghats from about Mumbai region all the way south till Kanyakumari district (Tamil Nadu); eastern extensions limited to certain parts of the transition zone in Karnataka, Nilgiris, and the Palani hills.
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Endemic: Western Ghats.
  
  
  • 1147. Pale-chinned Flycatcher Cyornis poliogenys Brooks, 1880
    Alternative Names: Brooks's Flycatcher, Pale-chinned Blue Flycatcher
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1147a. Cyornis poliogenys poliogenys Brooks, 1880 [HB#1436]
      Original Description: Cyornis poliogenys Brooks, 1880 Stray Feathers 8 p.469 (Salbari, Sikkim terai)
      Distribution: N Bihar, N Bengal, Sikkim, W and C Assam, adjoining W Arunachal, Meghalaya, and Tripura.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, ROM, YPM
    • 1147b. Cyornis poliogenys cachariensis (Madarász, 1884) [HB#1437]
      Original Description: Siphia cachariensis Madarász, 1884 Zeitschrift für die gesammte Ornithologie 1 pt1 p.51 pl.1 fig.2 (Dilkhush, Cachar, Assam)
      Taxonomy: Include saturatior Robinson & Kinnear 1927 from Dibrugarh, Assam.
      Distribution: E Assam, E Arunachal, Nagaland, Cachar, Manipur, and Mizoram.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, FMNH, YPM
      Notes: AR2001 includes Cachar and Mizoram in the range of the nominate subspecies; but treated here under this subspecies on range; intergradation zone unclear.
    • 1147c. Cyornis poliogenys vernayi Whistler, 1931 [HB#1438]
      Original Description: Cyornis poliogenys vernayi Whistler, 1931 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 52 p.24 (Visakhapatnam, E Ghats)
      Taxonomy: Intergrades with C tickelliae in NE Andhra and Ripley et al. (1988, JBNHS 85 (1): 97) reported that the tickelliae has completely replaced this in NE Andhra. Though intergradation is limited to a thin contact zone in E Ghats, this has lead to questioning the species status of both Tickell's Blue and Pale-chinned Flycatchers (see RA2012).
      Distribution: NE Ghats from N Odisha till NE Andhra.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1931.10.7.1 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK
  
  
  • 1148. Pale Blue Flycatcher Cyornis unicolor Blyth, 1843
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1148a. Cyornis unicolor unicolor Blyth, 1843 [HB#1439]
      Original Description: C[yornis]. unicolor Blyth, 1843 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12 p.1007 (Darjeeling)
      Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, and all NE hill states. Rare or local in W Himalaya – limted to Garhwal in Uttarakhand (historical) and Kinnaur in E Himachal.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, YPM
  
  
  • 1149. Blue-throated Flycatcher Cyornis rubeculoides (Vigors, 1831)
    Alternative Names: Blue-throated Blue Flycatcher
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1149a. Cyornis rubeculoides rubeculoides (Vigors, 1831) [HB#1440]
      Original Description: Phoenicura rubeculoides Vigors, 1831 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 no.3 p.35 (Darjeeling)
      Taxonomy: True taxonomic status of N Bengal and Sikkim breeders unresolved (Singh et al. 2019, Ibis 162 (3):933); but tentatively parked here. Situation in NE India is also not resolved.
      Distribution: Breeding: W Himalaya from Kashmir, through Jammu, Himachal and Uttarakhand; also in N, Bengal and Sikkim, and possibly in W. Arunachal. Non-breeding: S W Bengal, W Ghats from about Mumbai region till southern tip in Kanyakumari district; also, in E Ghats from Odisha through Andhra, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. Widely in passage elsewhere including parts of NE India.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, YPM, LKO, BNHM
    • [Cyornis rubeculoides rogersi Robinson & Kinnear, 1928 ]
      Original Description: Cyornis rubeculoides rogersi Robinson & Kinnear, 1928 Novitates Zoologicae 34 p.233
      Distribution: Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram.
      Notes: Singh et al. (2019, Ibis 162 (3):933) suggested the high-altitude breeding population in NE Indian hills to be this subspecies. More investigation warranted as songs overlap.
  
  
  • 1150. Large Blue Flycatcher Cyornis magnirostris Blyth, 1849 [HB#1441]
    Original Description: Cyornis magnirostris Blyth, 1849 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18 p.814 (Darjeeling)
    Taxonomy: Type specimen lost (Sclater 1892, Ibis 34 (1): 73).
    Alternative Names: Large-billed Blue Flycatcher
    Distribution: Arunachal – but historically reported from Sikkim, N Bengal, E Assam, Cachar, and Mizoram.
    Specimens: NHMUK, AMNH
    IUCN: Near Threatened. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Baruah et al. (2018, IB 14 (4): 102). Historical records without specimens cannot be separated from C whitei. All recent summer records are from the Himalaya. Only historical reports from Sikkim (NHMUK#1886.4.1.38).
  
  
  • 1151. Hill Blue Flycatcher Cyornis whitei Harington, 1908
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1151a. Cyornis whitei whitei Harington, 1908
      Original Description: Cyornis whitei Harington, 1908 The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser. 8, vol. II, N° 9 p.245-246
      Distribution: E Arunachal, E Assam (C Assam once), Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, and Mizoram.
      Specimens: NHMUK, UMMZ, YPM
  
  
  • 1152. Tickell's Blue Flycatcher Cyornis tickelliae Blyth, 1843
    Alternative Names: Tickell's Red-breasted Blue Flycatcher
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1152a. Cyornis tickelliae tickelliae Blyth, 1843 [HB#1442]
      Original Description: C[yornis]. Tickelliae Blyth, 1843 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12 p.941 (Borabhum, E India)
      Taxonomy: Type specimen by Fraser listed as the year 1844 in ZSI register.
      Distribution: Sub-Himalayan foothills from Kashmir, Jammu through Himachal, Uttarakhand and adjoining states in the plains, Delhi region, Gangetic plains till about extreme west of W Bengal; E Rajasthan, Gujarat, C Indian highlands, Odisha, and entire S India.
      Type Specimen: ZSI#35479 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM, TNHM, MYS, HYD, LKO, FTLB
  
  
  • 1153. Nicobar Jungle Flycatcher Cyornis nicobaricus (Richmond, 1902) [HB#1402]
    Original Description: Rhinomyias nicobarica Richmond, 1902 Proceedings of the United States National Museum vol. XXV, No. 1288, p. 295-296 (Great Nicobar Is.)
    Alternative Names: [Olive Flycatcher, Brown-chested Jungle Flycatcher]
    Distribution: Great and Little Nicobar Is. (S Nicobars group).
    Type Specimen: USNM#178740 (Holotype).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, USNM
    IUCN: Near Threatened. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Endemic: Andaman & Nicobar Is.
    Notes: Reports from Andamans not validated – RA2012 states it could have been R. brunneatus (Slater, 1897), a migrant form that winter in peninsular Malaya.
  
  
• Luscinia Forster, 1817 A synoptical catalogue of British birds; intended to identify the species mentioned by different names in several catalogues already extant p.140 Luscinia aedon Forster, 1817; Type by monotypy = Sylvia luscinia Latham et auct. = Luscinia megarhynchos Brehm, 1831
  • 1154. White-bellied Redstart Luscinia phaenicuroides (Gray & Gray, 1847)
    Alternative Names: Hodgson's Blue Robin, Hodgson's Shortwing
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1154a. Luscinia phaenicuroides phaenicuroides (Gray & Gray, 1847) [HB#1680]
      Original Description: Bradypterus phaenicuroides Gray & Gray, 1847 Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.70, 153
      Distribution: W Himalaya from Kashmir, N, Himachal, N Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, and W Arunachal. Winter: Also straggling to Manipur and Mizoram.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, YPM
  
  
  • 1155. Bluethroat Luscinia svecica (Linnaeus, 1758)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: Subspecies in winter are hard to identify.
    • 1155a. Luscinia svecica svecica (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#1644]
      Original Description: Motacilla svecica Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.187
      Distribution: Winter: Throughout India, as a winter visitor or passage migrant, from Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, east at least till W Bengal, and south till coastal Kerala and NW Tamil Nadu.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, USNM
    • 1155b. Luscinia svecica pallidogularis (Zarudny, 1897) [HB#1645]
      Original Description: Cyanecula suecica var. pallidogularis Zarudny, 1897 Materialy k Poznaniiu Fauny i Flory Rossiyskaya Imperiya, Otdel Zool. (1) p.186
      Distribution: Winter: Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, W Maharashtra – sporadically elsewhere in the subcontinent.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH, USNM, YPM, BNHM
    • 1155c. Luscinia svecica abbotti (Richmond, 1896) [HB#1646]
      Original Description: Cyanecula abbotti Richmond, 1896 Proceedings of the United States National Museum 3 p.484 (Nubra valley, Ladakh)
      Distribution: Summer: Trans-Himalayan regions of Gilgit, Baltistan, Ladakh, and Lahaul-Spiti (Himachal).
      Type Specimen: USNM#150370 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, USNM, BNHM
      Notes: Winter range uncertain (RA2012); specimens from Gujarat and Rajasthan mentioned in AR2001.
    • [Luscinia svecica saturatior (Sushkin, 1925) [HB#1646a]]
      Original Description: Cyanecula svecica saturatior Sushkin, 1925 Spisok i raspredelenie ptits Russkogo Altaia i blizhaishikh chastei Severo-Zapadnoi Mongolii: s opisaniem novykh ili maloizvestnykh form p.77
      Distribution: Winter: Asifabad (Telangana), Haryana, Delhi, Maharashtra, and Cachar.
      Specimens: BNHS
      Notes: Range as per the specimens mentioned in AR2001. However, see Abdulali (1987, JBNHS 84 (1): 106) on confusion as to which subspecies each of the specimens (BNHS#3133,#3139,#16542,#16543,#16545,#22247,#23254) in BNHS belongs to. Situation not analysed further and RA2012 followed here in listing the subspecies as tentative.
  
  
• Calliope Gould, 1836 A history of the birds of Europe, including all the species inhabiting the Western Palæarctic Region 2 pt16 pl.118 Calliope lathamii Gould, 1836; Type by monotypy = Motacilla calliope Pallas, 1776
  • 1156. Firethroat Calliope pectardens David, 1877 [HB#1652]
    Original Description: Calliope pectardens David, 1877 Les oiseaux de la Chine 1 p.236
    Taxonomy: Includes daulias Koelz 1954 from Phulbari, Garo hills, W Meghalaya.
    Distribution: Non-breeding: Meghalaya (once), Passage migrant through S W Bengal.
    Specimens: UMMZ
    IUCN: Near Threatened. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: Arunachal sight record not evaluated here.
  
  
  • 1157. Siberian Rubythroat Calliope calliope (Pallas, 1776) [HB#1643]
    Original Description: Motacilla Calliope Pallas, 1776 Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.697
    Taxonomy: Sometimes treated as polytypic and in that case the regional population belongs to the nominate subspecies.
    Alternative Names: Rubythroat
    Distribution: Winter: Jammu (once), E Punjab, S Uttarakhand, Bharatpur region and further W Rajasthan (sporadic), Jharkhand, W Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal, and all NE hill states, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, E Madhya Pradesh, N and W Maharashtra, NE Andhra, Hyderabad region, S Karnataka (twice), and Chennai region (twice).
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 1158. Himalayan Rubythroat Calliope pectoralis Gould, 1837
    Alternative Names: White-tailed Rubythroat (with C. tschebaiewi)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1158a. Calliope pectoralis pectoralis Gould, 1837 [HB#1647]
      Original Description: Calliope pectoralis Gould, 1837 Icones avium, or figures and descriptions of new and interesting species of birds from various parts of the globe [world] pt1 pl.4, text (W Himalaya)
      Distribution: Summer: Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, and Uttarakhand. Winter: Extending to adjacent foothills in Punjab, N Uttar Pradesh, sporadic further south but has been reported from C Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow region), E Rajasthan (Ranthambore), Jabalpur and Kanha (both Madhya Pradesh), and Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh).
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM
    • 1158b. Calliope pectoralis confusa (Hartert, 1910) [HB#1648]
      Original Description: Luscinia pectoralis confusa Hartert, 1910 Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.740 (Sikkim)
      Distribution: Summer: Sikkim (historical). Winter: S W Bengal, adjoining Jharkhand, N Bengal, and W Assam.
      Type Specimen: AMNH#579599 (Holotype).
      Specimens: NHMUK, AMNH, BNHM
  
  
  • 1159. Chinese Rubythroat Calliope tschebaiewi Przevalski, 1876 [HB#1649]
    Original Description: Calliope Tschebaiewi Przevalski, 1876 Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.44 pl.9 fig.1
    Distribution: Summer: E Ladakh, N Arunachal. Winter: Uttarakhand (once), N Uttar Pradesh (once), S Madhya Pradesh (once), N Bengal, Brahmaputra plains of Assam and E Arunachal, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, and Mizoram.
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-I. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
• Myiomela Gray, 1846 The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera 1 p. [178] Muscisylvia leucura Hodgson, 1845; Type by original designation
  • 1160. White-tailed Robin Myiomela leucura (Hodgson, 1845)
    Alternative Names: White-tailed Blue Robin
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1160a. Myiomela leucura leucura (Hodgson, 1845) [HB#1681]
      Original Description: M.(uscisylvia) leucura Hodgson, 1845 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 13, no.146 p.27
      Taxonomy: Includes rhipodura Koelz 1952 from Tekhuba [=Tekhubama], Nagaland.
      Distribution: E Uttarakhand (sporadic), N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, and Mizoram.
      Specimens: ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, YPM, BNHM
  
  
• Enicurus Temminck, 1822 Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.19 pl.113 Enicurus coronatus Temminck, 1822; Type by monotypy = Turdus leschenaulti Vieillot, 1818
  • 1161. Little Forktail Enicurus scouleri Vigors, 1832
    Taxonomy: Sometimes treated as monotypic (IOC, Avilist).
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1161a. Enicurus scouleri scouleri Vigors, 1832 [HB#1684]
      Original Description: Enicurus Scouleri Vigors, 1832 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 no.14 p.174 (Shimla)
      Distribution: Gilgit, Ladakh (sporadic), Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, and Mizoram.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, BNHM
  
  
  • 1162. White-crowned Forktail Enicurus leschenaulti (Vieillot, 1818)
    Original Description: Turdus Leschenaulti Vieillot, 1818 Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 20 p.269
    Alternative Names: Leschenault's Forktail
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1162a. Enicurus leschenaulti indicus Hartert, 1910 [HB#1687]
      Original Description: Enicurus leschenaulti indicus Hartert, 1910 Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.760 (Margherita, Assam)
      Distribution: N Bengal (historical), Sikkim (historical), Arunachal, Assam, and all NE hill states.
      Type Specimen: AMNH#577694 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM, YPM
  
  
  • 1163. Spotted Forktail Enicurus maculatus Vigors, 1831
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1163a. Enicurus maculatus maculatus Vigors, 1831 [HB#1688]
      Original Description: Enicurus maculatus Vigors, 1831 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 no.1 p.9 (Shimla)
      Distribution: Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, and Uttarakhand.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, RBINS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM, YPM
    • 1163b. Enicurus maculatus guttatus Gould, 1866 [HB#1689]
      Original Description: Enicurus guttatus Gould, 1866 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 3 p.664 (Darjeeling)
      Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, adjoining Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, and Mizoram.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1881.5.1.2470 (Syntype).
      Specimens: ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM
  
  
  • 1164. Black-backed Forktail Enicurus immaculatus (Hodgson, 1836) [HB#1685]
    Original Description: Motacilla (Enicurus) Immaculatus Hodgson, 1836 Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.190
    Distribution: Himachal (sporadic), Uttarakhand (sporadic), N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, and all NE hill states.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
  • 1165. Slaty-backed Forktail Enicurus schistaceus (Hodgson, 1836) [HB#1686]
    Original Description: Motacilla (Enicurus) schistaceus Hodgson, 1836 Asiatic Researches; or, Transactions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the history, the antiquities, the arts and sciences, and literature of Asia 19 p.189
    Distribution: C and E Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, and Mizoram.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, TNHM, LKO, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
• Cinclidium Blyth, 1842 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11 p.181 Cinclidium frontale Blyth, 1842; Type by monotypy
  • 1166. Blue-fronted Robin Cinclidium frontale Blyth, 1842
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1166a. Cinclidium frontale frontale Blyth, 1842 [HB#1682]
      Original Description: Cinclidium frontale Blyth, 1842 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11 p.181 (Sikkim)
      Taxonomy: Holotype listed in ZSI register as 'Pearson (purchased)' with year as 1842 and locality as Darjeeling. Specimen not located.
      Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal at least till Mishmi hills.
      Type Specimen: ZSI#35540 (Holotype).
      Specimens: ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, MCZ, YPM
      Notes: Walong report not validated here, but likely to be correct. However, for correct subspecies assignment, photographs needed as Walong is at the edge of the range of both the nominate subspecies and orientale.
    • 1166b. Cinclidium frontale orientale (Delacour & Jabouille, 1930) [HB#1682a]
      Original Description: Callene frontalis orientalis Delacour & Jabouille, 1930 Revue d'Histoire Naturelle Appliquée (n.s.), 11 p.397
      Distribution: SE Arunachal and Nagaland.
      Specimens: USNM
      Notes: Nagaland distribution presumptive.
  
  
• Myophonus Temminck, 1822 Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.29 pl.170 Myophonus metallicus Temminck, 1822; Type by monotypy = Turdus flavirostris Horsfield, 1821
  • 1167. Malabar Whistling-Thrush Myophonus horsfieldii Vigors, 1831 [HB#1728]
    Original Description: Myophonus Horsfieldii Vigors, 1831 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 no.3 p. 35 (Malabar)
    Distribution: Mt. Abu, C Indian highlands of Madhya Pradesh, N and E Maharashtra, and Chhattisgarh; NW Ghats of Odisha and NE Andhra, W Ghats from Surat Dangs in the north till Kalakkad in the south; SE and CE Ghats, and locally in Deccan hillocks.
    Type Specimen: NHMUK#1855.12.19.280 (Holotype).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, YPM, TNHM, MYS, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Endemic: Endemic to India.
    Notes: Movements not yet worked out; breeding range is confined to wetter parts of the Ghats only.
  
  
  • 1168. Blue Whistling-Thrush Myophonus caeruleus (Scopoli, 1786)
    Original Description: Gracula (caerulea) Scopoli, 1786 Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae 2 p.88
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1168a. Myophonus caeruleus temminckii Vigors, 1831 [HB#1729]
      Original Description: Myophonus Temminckii Vigors, 1831 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London pt. 1 no. 14 p.171 (Shimla-Almora districts, W Himalaya)
      Taxonomy: Includes here euterpe Koelz 1943 from Mawphlang, Khasi hills, Meghalaya. The correct spelling of the protonym genus is Myophonus and not Myiophoneus.
      Distribution: Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand and adjoining Punjab, Haryana, N Uttar Pradesh, and N Bihar but also straggling to NE Rajasthan; Delhi region, N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, and all NE hill states.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, YPM, LKO, BNHM
    • 1168b. Myophonus caeruleus eugenei Hume, 1873 [HB#1730]
      Original Description: Myiophoneus Eugenei Hume, 1873 Stray Feathers Vol. 1, N° 6, 1 p.475-476
      Distribution: NE Arunachal (Walong region).
      Specimens: BNHS
      Notes: BNHS#16763 from Tezu, Mishmi hills, Arunachal listed as this subspecies. See Sharma et al. (2014, IB 9 (4): 91).
  
  
• Larvivora Hodgson, 1837 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 6 pt1 no.62 p.102 Larvivora cyana Hodgson, 1837; Type by subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus, p.26) = Motacilla cyane Pallas, 1776
  • 1169. Indian Blue Robin Larvivora brunnea Hodgson, 1837
    Alternative Names: Indian Blue Chat
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1169a. Larvivora brunnea brunnea Hodgson, 1837 [HB#1650-1651]
      Original Description: Larvivora brunnea Hodgson, 1837 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 6 p.102
      Taxonomy: Includes angamea Koelz 1952 from Tekhuba [=Tekhubama], Nagaland
      Distribution: Summer: Along the Himalaya from Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, and Nagaland. Winter: W Ghats from Surat Dangs till the southern tip in Kalakkad, also SE Ghats, locally in Deccan hillocks in Karnataka and Telangana – as well as in Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, and Mizoram. During migration, elsewhere in the intervening subcontinent including Gujarat, C India, NE Ghats, W Bengal, and N plains.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM, TNHM, FTLB, BNHM
  
  
  • 1170. Siberian Blue Robin Larvivora cyane (Pallas, 1776)
    Alternative Names: Siberian Blue Chat
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1170a. Larvivora cyane cyane (Pallas, 1776) [HB#1653]
      Original Description: Motacilla Cyane Pallas, 1776 Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.697
      Distribution: Winter: N Bengal, Cachar, and Tripura. Sporadic elsewhere in Himachal, Uttarakhand, Arunachal, Manipur, Maharashtra, and S Andaman Is.
      Specimens: BNHS
      Notes: See Gassah & Ismavel (2019, IB 15 (4):124).
  
  
• Brachypteryx Horsfield, 1821 Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (1) 13 p.157 Brachypteryx montana Horsfield, 1821; Type by subsequent designation (Gray, 1855, Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum, p.41)
  • 1171. Rusty-bellied Shortwing Brachypteryx hyperythra Blyth, 1861 [HB#1636]
    Original Description: Brachypteryx hyperythra Blyth, 1861 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 2 p.201 (Darjeeling)
    Distribution: N Bengal and Sikkim; NE Arunachal from Mishmi hills till Upper Noa-Dihing valley, and E Assam.
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, AMNH, USNM
    IUCN: Near Threatened. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Endemic: Eastern Himalaya.
    Notes: Curiously absent in W and C Arunachal. Multiple taxa may be involved.
  
  
  • 1172. Lesser Shortwing Brachypteryx leucophris (Temminck, 1828)
    Original Description: Myiothera leucophrys Temminck, 1828 Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.74 [=livr.75] pl.448 fig.1
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1172a. Brachypteryx leucophris nipalensis Moore, 1854 [HB#1639]
      Original Description: Brachypteryx nipalensis Moore, 1854 A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Hononrable East-India Company 1, Appendix No. 1 p.xiii (in list), 397-398
      Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, and adjacent Assam.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, YPM
    • 1172b. Brachypteryx leucophris carolinae La Touche, 1898
      Original Description: Brachypteryx carolinae La Touche, 1898 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 8 p.9
      Taxonomy: Not recognised by AR2001. Exact boundaries of the subspecies not mapped. Includes geokichla Koelz 1952 from Karong, Manipur.
      Distribution: SE Arunachal, E Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, Mizoram, and Tripura.
      Specimens: UMMZ
  
  
  • 1173. Himalayan Shortwing Brachypteryx cruralis (Blyth, 1843) [HB#1640]
    Original Description: Calliope ? cruralis Blyth, 1843 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol. 12, Part 2, N° 143 p.929, 935 (Darjeeling)
    Alternative Names: White-browed Shortwing (with B. montana EL)
    Distribution: Sporadic or local in W Himalaya – reported from Himachal and Uttarakhand; E Himalaya from N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, E Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, and Mizoram.
    Type Specimen: ZSI#35535 (Syntype).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: See Arora et al. (2017, IB 13 (1): 18).
  
  
• Ficedula Brisson, 1760 Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumaque varietates 3 p.369 Ficedula Brisson ; Type by tautonymy = Motacilla hypoleuca Pallas, 1764
  • 1174. Yellow-rumped Flycatcher Ficedula zanthopygia (Hay, 1845)
    Original Description: Muscicapa zanthopygia Hay, 1845 Madras Journal of Literature and Science 13 p.162
    Alternative Names: Korean Flycatcher
    Distribution: Winter: Mostly in Andaman & Nicobar Is (Narcondam Is., South Andaman, Kamorta), Kerala and adjoining Tamil Nadu but also straggling further north into W Karnataka and Goa as well as to the rest of the mainland in Melghat (C India), Panchalingeswar (Odisha), Bheemuni Paadam (E Telangana), Bannerghatta (Karnataka), and Chennai (Tamil Nadu).
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Haribal (1992, JBNHS 88 (3): 457), Holt (2003, JBNHS 100 (1): 145), Sashikumar et al. (2011, Birds of Kerala: Status & Distribution p. 639), Rath & Nischchitha (2021, IB 17 (2): 62).
  
  
  • 1175. Mugimaki Flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki (Temminck, 1836)
    Original Description: Muscicapa Mugimaki Temminck, 1836 Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.97 pl.577 fig.2
    Distribution: Vagrant. Only from Andaman (Neil, Middle Andaman, and Andaman Is.) and C Nicobars (Kamorta Is.).
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Das (2014, IB 9 (2): 56), Singh (2017, IB 12 (6): 174).
  
  
  • 1176. Slaty-backed Flycatcher Ficedula erithacus (Jerdon & Blyth, 1861) [HB#1418]
    Original Description: Siphia erithacus Jerdon & Blyth, 1861 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 2 p. 201 (Sikkim)
    Taxonomy: Subsequent to the lumping of genus Muscicapella Bianchi 1907 with Ficedula Brisson 1760, David & Bruce (2016, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 136 (4): 299) argued for replacing sordida with erithacus as the specific name of this taxon. Other synonyms includes amabilis Deignan 1947, erwini Wolters 1954, and hodgsonii Moore 1854. Any work on databasing of historical records should consider the fact that Slaty-backed Flycatcher was known by different names in the past, and some of them overlaps with other regionally occuring species like the Pygmy Blue Flycatcher. Also, see Zuccon (2011, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 131 (3): 196).
    Alternative Names: Rusty-breasted Blue Flycatcher
    Distribution: Winter: Uttarakhand (straggler), N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, and Mizoram.
    Type Specimen: NHMUK#1886.4.1.1913 (Syntype).
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: Breeding records in AR2001 not investigated; recent records no later than second week of May.
  
  
  • 1177. Snowy-browed Flycatcher Ficedula hyperythra (Blyth, 1843)
    Taxonomy: Note, the name hyperythra was once used for Kashmir Flycatcher.
    Alternative Names: Rufous-breasted Blue Flycatcher
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1177a. Ficedula hyperythra hyperythra (Blyth, 1843) [HB#1417]
      Original Description: M[uscicapa] hyperythra Blyth, 1843 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11 p.885 (Darjeeling)
      Taxonomy: New name for Di[morpha]. superciliaris Blyth 1841.
      Distribution: E Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, and Mizoram.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, ROM, USNM, YPM
  
  
  • 1178. Slaty-blue Flycatcher Ficedula tricolor (Hodgson, 1845)
    Taxonomy: Dickinson & Walters (2006, Zoologische Mededelingen 80-5 (6): 158) used leucomelanura instead of tricolor as it was preoccupied in Muscicapa. However, when this was moved to Ficedula, the name tricolor was once again available. RA2012's treatment of the W Himalayan population as notata (contra nominate) and the E Himalayan population as the nominate (contra minuta) must be an error as the type locality (central hills of Nepal) of tricolor sensu stricto nor leucomelanura sensu stricto is in the range of the eastern population (See Biswas 1962, JBNHS 59 (3): 812).
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1178a. Ficedula tricolor tricolor (Hodgson, 1845) [HB#1423]
      Original Description: D[igenea]. tricolor Hodgson, 1845 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 13, no.146 p.26
      Taxonomy: Includes here notata Whistler 1930 from Gund, Kashmir.
      Distribution: W Himalaya from Kashmir through Jammu, Himachal, and Uttarakhand; straggles to Indo-Gangetic plains and has occurred till Bharatpur.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, USNM, YPM
    • 1178b. Ficedula tricolor minuta (Hume, 1872) [HB#1424]
      Original Description: Siphia minuta Hume, 1872 Ibis (3) 2 (6) p.109-110 (Mount Tongloo, Sikkim)
      Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal including Noa-Dihing valley, Assam valley, Meghalaya, and Tripura.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, FMNH
    • 1178c. Ficedula tricolor cerviniventris (Sharpe, 1879) [HB#1424]
      Original Description: Digenea cerviniventris Sharpe, 1879 Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4 p.460 (Manipur)
      Distribution: Nagaland, Cachar, Manipur, and Mizoram.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1878.10.14.1 (Holotype).
      Specimens: NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, USNM
  
  
  • 1179. Pygmy Flycatcher Ficedula hodgsoni (Moore, 1854)
    Taxonomy: Previously placed in a monotypic genus Muscicapella Bianchi 1907 but later lumped with Ficedula Brisson 1760 (See Outlaw & Voelkar 2006, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 41 (1): 124). Note, historical references to hodgsoni may refer to Slaty-backed Flycatcher.
    Alternative Names: Pygmy Blue Flycatcher
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1179a. Ficedula hodgsoni hodgsoni (Moore, 1854) [HB#1447]
      Original Description: Nemura hodgsoni Moore, 1854 A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Hononrable East-India Company 1 p.300
      Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, and Tripura.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1880.1.1.805 (Syntype).
      Specimens: NHMUK, FMNH, YPM
      Notes: Presence in Manipur (AR2001) not evaluated but likely.
  
  
  • 1180. Rufous-gorgeted Flycatcher Ficedula strophiata (Hodgson, 1837)
    Alternative Names: Orange-gorgeted Flycatcher
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1180a. Ficedula strophiata strophiata (Hodgson, 1837) [HB#1414]
      Original Description: Siphia Strophiata Hodgson, 1837 The India Review and Journal of Foreign Science and the Arts 1 p.651
      Taxonomy: Includes euphonia Koelz 1939 of Kullu, Kangra, W Himachal.
      Distribution: Along the Himalaya from Jammu, Himachal, adjoining Punjab and Haryana, Uttarakhand, through N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, and Mizoram.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, LKO, BNHM
  
  
  • 1181. Sapphire Flycatcher Ficedula sapphira (Blyth, 1843)
    Taxonomy: Type specimen lost (Sclater 1892, Ibis 34 (1): 73).
    Alternative Names: Sapphire-headed Flycatcher
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1181a. Ficedula sapphira sapphira (Blyth, 1843) [HB#1426]
      Original Description: M[uscicapula]. sapphira Blyth, 1843 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12 p.939 (Darjeeling)
      Taxonomy: Includes coelicolor Koelz 1952 from Tura, Garo hills, W Meghalaya.
      Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, and Mizoram.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, ROM, USNM, YPM
  
  
  • 1182. Ultramarine Flycatcher Ficedula superciliaris (Jerdon, 1840)
    Alternative Names: White-browed Blue Flycatcher F. s. superciliaris; Little Blue-and-white Flycatcher F. s. aestigma
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1182a. Ficedula superciliaris superciliaris (Jerdon, 1840) [HB#1421]
      Original Description: Muscicapa superciliaris Jerdon, 1840 Madras Journal of Literature and Science 11 p.16 (Ajanta, N. Ghats)
      Distribution: Breeding: W Himalaya from Kashmir, through Jammu, Himachal, and Uttarakhand. Winter: Throughout the Indian peninsula south of Himalaya from Bihar in the east till Gujarat in the west and all the way south till S Deccan in Karnataka and N Tamil Nadu; sporadic further south.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, USNM, YPM, HYD, LKO
    • 1182b. Ficedula superciliaris aestigma (Gray & Gray, 1847) [HB#1422]
      Original Description: Muscicapa aestigma Gray & Gray, 1847 Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.90, 155
      Taxonomy: Includes cleta Koelz 1954 from Mawphlang, Khasi hills that occurs from E Arunachal onwards through the NE Indian hills states.
      Distribution: Breeding: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal (rare in E), Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, and Manipur. Non-breeding: Adjacent plains in Jharkhand, S W Bengal, and Assam.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, ROM, USNM, YPM
  
  
  • 1183. Little Pied Flycatcher Ficedula westermanni (Sharpe, 1888)
    Original Description: Muscicapula westermanni Sharpe, 1888 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888, Part 3 p.270
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1183a. Ficedula westermanni collini (Rothschild, 1925) [HB#1419]
      Original Description: Muscicapa collini Rothschild, 1925 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 45 p.90 (Nepal, Darjeeling)
      Taxonomy: New name for Muscicapa blythi Rothschild 1921 as well as Muscicapa melanoleuca Blyth 1843.
      Distribution: Himachal (sporadic), C and E Uttarakhand, N Bengal and Sikkim; in winter sporadically to S W Bengal, Jharkhand, NE Chhattisgarh, and NW Odisha in the Chota Nagpur plateau.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH, YPM
    • 1183b. Ficedula westermanni australorientis (Ripley, 1952) [HB#1420]
      Original Description: Muscicapa westermanni australorientis Ripley, 1952 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 65 (11) p.72
      Taxonomy: Includes exquisitus Koelz 1954 from Karong, Manipur.
      Distribution: Arunachal, Assam, and all NE hill states.
      Specimens: BNHS, FMNH, ROM, USNM, YPM
      Notes: Short-distant altitude migrant.
  
  
  • 1184. Rusty-tailed Flycatcher Ficedula ruficauda (Swainson, 1838) [HB#1409]
    Original Description: Muscicapa ruficauda Swainson, 1838 The Naturalist's Library 21 p.251 (Kashmir)
    Alternative Names: Rufous-tailed Flycatcher
    Distribution: Breeding: W Himalaya from Gilgit, Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal and Uttarakhand. Winter: W Ghats from Mumbai region (sporadic), mostly from SW Maharashtra till the southern tip in Kanyakumari district. During migration, it spread widely in the subcontinent along E Ghats, C Indian highlands, Gangetic plains, Jharkhand, W Bengal, Gujarat, and Delhi region.
    Type Specimen: NHMUK#1845.1.10.47 (Neotype).
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, USNM, YPM, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 1185. Kashmir Flycatcher Ficedula subrubra (Hartert & Steinbacher, 1934) [HB#1413]
    Original Description: Muscicapa parva subrubra Hartert & Steinbacher, 1934 Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel. Ergänzungsband 3 p.233
    Taxonomy: New name for Siphia hyperythra Cabanis 1866. Any work on databasing of historical records should consider the fact that Kashmir Flycatcher was known by a different name in the past that is now the accepted specific name for Snowy-browed Flycatcher.
    Alternative Names: Kashmir Red-breasted Flycatcher
    Distribution: Breeding: Kashmir. Winter: Mostly Nilgiris but locally in Munnar hills as well; however, in many locations in the peninsula during migration including SE Tamil Nadu, SE Ghats, Bengaluru region, W Maharashtra, C India, Gujarat, Bihar, Uttarakhand, and Himachal.
    Specimens: BNHS, MCZ, USNM, YPM
    IUCN: Vulnerable. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 1186. Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva (Bechstein, 1792) [HB#1411]
    Original Description: Muscicapa parva Bechstein, 1792 Kurzgefasste gemeinnützige Naturgeschichte des In- und Auslandes für Schulen und häuslichen Unterricht 1 p.531, note
    Distribution: Winter: Through the peninsula from Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, Jammu extending east through sub-Himalayan foothills and Indo-Gangetic plains till W Bengal, including N Bengal; west through Rajasthan (including Thar) and Gujarat (including the Rann); south through C India and S India reaching Wayanad and C Tamil Nadu, including E Ghats, NW, and CW Ghats as well as eastern slopes of SW Ghats.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, TNHM, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 1187. Taiga Flycatcher Ficedula albicilla (Pallas, 1811) [HB#1412]
    Original Description: Muscicapa Albicilla Pallas, 1811 Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico (etc.) 1 p.462 tab.fig.1
    Alternative Names: Red-throated Flycatcher
    Distribution: Winter: Throughout the peninsula from Ladakh, Kashmir and Jammu – sporadic, sub-Himalayan foothills of W Himalaya and Indo-Gangetic plains, entire E India from W Bengal onwards, W through Rajasthan and Gujarat, C India, S India including E Ghats, Deccan, W India, and sporadically in SW coast; also, Andaman and Narcondam Is.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM, HYD, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 1188. Black-and-orange Flycatcher Ficedula nigrorufa (Jerdon, 1839) [HB#1427]
    Original Description: Saxicola nigrorufa Jerdon, 1839 Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10 p.266 (Nilgiris)
    Alternative Names: Black-and-rufous Flycatcher
    Distribution: CW Ghats from Babaduban hills and Kudremukh through Kodagu and in SW Ghats from Wayanad, Nilgiris, Muthikulam, Palani, Munnar, and Grass hills south till about Mathikettan Shola in Cardamom hills; further south in Meghamalai, Pandalam hills and Agasthyamala (Ashambu) hills.
    Type Specimen: MCZ#77253 (Syntype).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, TNHM, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Endemic: Western Ghats.
    Notes: Presence in Biligirirangans (KA) needs substantiation.
  
  
• Tarsiger Hodgson, 1845 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 13, no.146 p. 28 Tarsiger chrysaeus Hodgson, 1845; Type by original designation
  • 1189. Red-flanked Bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus (Pallas, 1773) [HB#1656]
    Original Description: Motacilla Cyanurus Pallas, 1773 Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 2 p.664,690,709
    Alternative Names: Red-flanked Bush Robin, Japanese Blue Chat, Northern Red-flanked Bush Robin, Orange-flanked Bush Robin
    Distribution: Winter: E Arunachal (Walong region, Lohit valley, and Namdapha region) and Cachar (historical, once).
    Specimens: ZSI, UMMZ
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: Shah et al. (2021, IB 17 (2): 58).
  
  
  • 1190. Himalayan Bluetail Tarsiger rufilatus (Hodgson, 1845)
    Alternative Names: Orange-flanked Bush Robin (with T. cyanurus); Himalayan Bush Robin, Himalayan Red-flanked Bush Robin
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1190a. Tarsiger rufilatus pallidior (Baker, 1924) [HB#1654]
      Original Description: Ianthia cyanura pallidiora Baker, 1924 The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 2nd ed. ed. 2, 7 p.101 (Shimla)
      Taxonomy: Despite being genetically distinct, not always recognised and subsumed under the nominate subspecies.
      Distribution: W Himalaya from Gilgit, Ladakh (sporadic), Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, and Uttarakhand. Straggled once to Delhi region.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1886.4.1.2144 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH
    • 1190b. Tarsiger rufilatus rufilatus (Hodgson, 1845) [HB#1655]
      Original Description: Nemura rufilata Hodgson, 1845 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 13 p.27
      Distribution: Summer: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal. Winter: Extending to adjoining Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, and Tripura. Straggler to Jharkhand and S W Bengal.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, BNHM
  
  
  • 1191. Rufous-breasted Bush-Robin Tarsiger hyperythrus (Blyth, 1847) [HB#1660]
    Original Description: Ianthia hyperythra Blyth, 1847 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16 p.132 (Darjeeling)
    Taxonomy: Type specimen lost (Sclater 1892, Ibis 34 (1): 73).
    Alternative Names: Rufous-bellied Bush Robin
    Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, and Arunachal.
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH, USNM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: Reports from Margherita, Cachar, and Khasi hills (Meghalaya) in AR2001 not verified here.
  
  
  • 1192. White-browed Bush-Robin Tarsiger indicus (Vieillot, 1817)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1192a. Tarsiger indicus indicus (Vieillot, 1817) [HB#1659]
      Original Description: Sylvia indica Vieillot, 1817 Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 11 p.267 (Darjeeling)
      Distribution: Himachal (sporadic), Uttarakhand (sporadic), N Bengal, Sikkim, and Arunachal; once in Nagaland (historical).
      Specimens: ZSI, NHMUK, FMNH, USNM, YPM, BNHM
      Notes: Presence in Khasi hills (Meghalaya) in AR2001 not investigated.
  
  
  • 1193. Golden Bush-Robin Tarsiger chrysaeus Hodgson, 1845
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1193a. Tarsiger chrysaeus whistleri Ticehurst, 1922 [HB#1657]
      Original Description: Tarsiger chrysaeus whistleri Ticehurst, 1922 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 42 p.121 (Shimla)
      Distribution: Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, W, and C Uttarakhand.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1886.4.1.2194 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH
    • 1193b. Tarsiger chrysaeus chrysaeus Hodgson, 1845 [HB#1658]
      Original Description: Tarsiger chrysaeus Hodgson, 1845 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 13, no.146 p.28
      Taxonomy: Intergrades with whistleri in Kumaon, Uttarakhand.
      Distribution: E Uttarakhand (Kumaon), N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, and Mizoram.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, USNM, YPM, LKO, BNHM
  
  
• Heteroxenicus Sharpe, 1902 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12 no.87 p.55 Brachypteryx (Drymochares) stellatus Gould, 1868; Type by original designation Latham et auct.
  • 1194. Gould's Shortwing Heteroxenicus stellatus (Gould, 1868)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1194a. Heteroxenicus stellatus stellatus (Gould, 1868) [HB#1635]
      Original Description: Brachypteryx (Drymochares) stellatus Gould, 1868 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 p.218 (Sikkim)
      Taxonomy: Follow AR2001, Biswas (1962, JBNHS 58 (3): 653), and Sharpe (1883, Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum 7: 31) in listing type locality as Sikkim (contra Nepal).
      Distribution: Dodital (Uttarakhand, historical), N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, and Khonoma (Nagaland, once).
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1881.5.1.308 (Syntype).
      Specimens: NHMUK, UMMZ
      Notes: Altitudinal movements not mapped and winter quarters little known.
  
  
• Phoenicurus Forster, 1817 A synoptical catalogue of British birds; intended to identify the species mentioned by different names in several catalogues already extant 16, p. 53 Phoenicurus ruticilla Forster, 1817; Type by monotypy = Sylvia phoenicurus Latham et auct. = Motacilla phoenicurus Linnaeus, 1758
  • 1195. Rufous-backed Redstart Phoenicurus erythronotus (Eversmann, 1841) [HB#1669]
    Original Description: Sylvia Erythronota Eversmann, 1841 Addenda ad celeberrimi Pallasii Zoographiam Rosso-Asiaticam 2 p.11
    Alternative Names: Eversmann's Redstart
    Distribution: Winter: Gilgit, Kashmir, Himachal; stragglers to Uttarakhand and Punjab.
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Prince & Sharma (2019, IB 15 (5): 130).
  
  
  • 1196. Blue-fronted Redstart Phoenicurus frontalis Vigors, 1831 [HB#1675]
    Original Description: Phoenicura frontalis Vigors, 1831 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 no.14 p. 172 (Garhwal)
    Taxonomy: Includes perates Koelz 1954 from Karong, Manipur.
    Distribution: Gilgit, W Ladakh, Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal. Winter: Extending to Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, and Mizoram.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, RBINS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 1197. Blue-capped Redstart Phoenicurus coeruleocephala Vigors, 1831 [HB#1670]
    Original Description: Phoenicura caeruleocephala Vigors, 1831 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 no.3 p. 35 (Shimla-Almora Distict)
    Alternative Names: Blue-headed Redstart
    Distribution: Gilgit, Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, and Sikkim; winter stragglers to Punjab, N Uttar Pradesh, and Bharatpur (twice).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 1198. White-throated Redstart Phoenicurus schisticeps (Gray & Gray, 1847) [HB#1676]
    Original Description: Ruticilla schisticeps Gray & Gray, 1847 Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.69,153
    Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, and W Arunachal; has straggled once to Mayodiya (Mishmi hills) and Walong region.
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, MCZ, YPM, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
  • 1199. White-capped Redstart Phoenicurus leucocephalus Vigors, 1831 [HB#1716]
    Original Description: Phoenicura leucocephala Vigors, 1831 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 no.3 p.35 (Shimla-Almora Distict)
    Alternative Names: River Chat, White-capped Water Redstart
    Distribution: Summer: Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, and Mizoram. Winter: Extending to Assam, Manipur valley and Tripura with sporadic reports from NE Punjab, Delhi region, NE Rajasthan, N Chhattisgarh, and NE Odisha.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, RBINS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 1200. Plumbeous Redstart Phoenicurus fuliginosus Vigors, 1831
    Alternative Names: Plumbeous Water Redstart
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1200a. Phoenicurus fuliginosus fuliginosus Vigors, 1831 [HB#1679]
      Original Description: Phoenicura fuliginosa Vigors, 1831 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 no.3 p.35 (Shimla-Almora districts, W Himalaya)
      Distribution: Summer: Kashmir, Gilgit (sporadic), Ladakh (sporadic), Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, and Manipur. Winter: Also, in adjacent foothills of Punjab, Haryana, Assam, Mizoram; stragglers reported once from Okhla (Delhi region) and Similipal (N Odisha).
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, MCZ, YPM, BNHM
  
  
  • 1201. Daurian Redstart Phoenicurus auroreus (Pallas, 1776)
    Original Description: Motacilla aurorea Pallas, 1776 Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.695
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1201a. Phoenicurus auroreus leucopterus Blyth, 1843 [HB#1677]
      Original Description: Phoenicura leucoptera Blyth, 1843 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol. 12, Part 2, N° 143 p.962
      Distribution: Winter: Arunachal, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, and Tripura.
      Specimens: BNHS, UMMZ, AMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM
      Notes: N Bengal records not considered definitive (see Manna et al. 2024, IB 20 (5): 128A).
  
  
  • 1202. Hodgson's Redstart Phoenicurus hodgsoni (Moore, 1854) [HB#1674]
    Original Description: Ruticilla Hodgsoni Moore, 1854 A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Hononrable East-India Company 1 p.303
    Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Manipur.
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, RBINS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: Cachar report (AR2001) not verified.
  
  
  • 1203. White-winged Redstart Phoenicurus erythrogastrus (Güldenstädt, 1775)
    Original Description: Motacilla erythrogastra Güldenstädt, 1775 Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 19 p.469 pl.16,17
    Alternative Names: Güldenstädt's Redstart
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1203a. Phoenicurus erythrogastrus grandis (Gould, 1850) [HB#1678]
      Original Description: Ruticilla grandis Gould, 1850 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 17 p.112
      Distribution: Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, Jammu (winter), Lahaul-Spiti (Himachal), N Sikkim, N Bengal (historical), W, and N Arunachal.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM, LKO
  
  
  • 1204. Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros (Gmelin, 1774)
    Original Description: Motacilla Ochruros Gmelin, 1774 Reise durch Russland zur Untersuchung der drey Natur-Reiche 3 p.101 pl.19 fig.3
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1204a. Phoenicurus ochruros phoenicuroides (Moore, 1854) [HB#1671]
      Original Description: Ruticilla phoenicuroides Moore, 1854 A catalogue of the birds in The Museum of the Hononrable East-India Company 1, Appendix No. 1 p.xvii (in list), 301
      Distribution: Summer: NW Himalaya from Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, Jammu, and Lahaul-Spiti (Himachal). Winter: NW India from Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, N Uttar Pradesh, Delhi region, Rajasthan, and Gujarat.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, RBINS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM
    • 1204b. Phoenicurus ochruros rufiventris (Vieillot, 1818) [HB#1672]
      Original Description: Oenanthe rufiventris Vieillot, 1818 Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Nouvelle édition 25, 17 p.431
      Distribution: Summer: N Sikkim, N Arunachal. Winter: C and E Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, W Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Maharashtra, Goa, Telangana, Andhra, Deccan Karnataka, Tamil Nadu (sporadic) straggling to SW Karnataka (once) and Kerala (twice); extensively in NE India from Assam, Arunachal, and all NE hill states.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, RBINS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, HYD
  
  
  • 1205. Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus, 1758)
    Alternative Names: White-fronted Redstart
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1205a. Phoenicurus phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#1673]
      Original Description: Motacilla Phoenicurus Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.187
      Distribution: Winter: Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, and NW Himachal.
      Specimens: NHMUK, ROM
      Notes: Ahmed et al. (2020, IB 16 (6): 191), Kirwan et al. (2022, IB 18 (3): 80).
    • 1205b. Phoenicurus phoenicurus samamisicus (Hablizl, 1783)
      Original Description: Motacilla samamisica Hablizl, 1783 Neue Nordische Beyträge 3 p.60
      Distribution: Vagrant. Reported only from Thol (E Gujarat).
      Notes: See Bhatt (2016, IB 14 (3): 85) for documentation of this distinctive subspecies.
  
  
• Monticola Boie, 1822 Isis 10,11 col.552 Turdus saxatilis Linnaeus, 1766; Type by subsequent designation (Gray, 1847, The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera, 1 p.220)
  • 1206. Blue-capped Rock-Thrush Monticola cinclorhyncha (Vigors, 1831) [HB#1723]
    Original Description: Petrocincla cinclorhyncha Vigors, 1831 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 no.14 p. 172 (Shimla)
    Alternative Names: Blue-headed Rock-Thrush
    Distribution: Summer: Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, and W Arunachal. Winter: C Indian highlands, W Ghats from Surat Dangs till Kalakkad; and E Ghats from N Odisha till Tamil Nadu; locally in Deccan hillocks. Entire subcontinent (except for Thar and Rann) in between during migration.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, TNHM, MYS, LKO, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 1207. Chestnut-bellied Rock-Thrush Monticola rufiventris (Jardine & Selby, 1833) [HB#1724]
    Original Description: Petrocincla rufiventris Jardine & Selby, 1833 Illustrations of ornithology 3 pl.129 (Shimla)
    Taxonomy: Includes erythrogaster Vigors 1832 from 'Himalayan mountains'.
    Distribution: Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, adjoining Punjab and Haryana, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal, and all NE hill states.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
  • 1208. White-throated Rock-Thrush Monticola gularis (Swinhoe, 1863)
    Original Description: Oroecetes gularis Swinhoe, 1863 Ibis 5 (1), p.93 pl.3
    Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Thaltlang (Mizoram).
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Recent addition. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Karuthedathu et al. (2025, IB 21 (2): 45).
  
  
  • 1209. Rufous-tailed Rock-Thrush Monticola saxatilis (Linnaeus, 1766) [HB#1722]
    Original Description: [Turdus] saxatilis Linnaeus, 1766 Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] 12, p.294
    Alternative Names: Common Rock-Thrush, Rock Thrush
    Distribution: Non-breeding: Sporadically through NW India during migration – Gilgit (probably some breeding as well), Ladakh, Kashmir, Himachal, Haryana, E Rajasthan, and Gujarat; straggling south to the W India including Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, S Tamil Nadu and to Nagpur in C India (once) and to Sikkim (once, historical) in the east.
    Specimens: NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Balar et al. (2016, IB 12 (4&5): 141, Abhinav & Dogra (2021, IB 17 (5): 135).
  
  
  • 1210. Blue Rock-Thrush Monticola solitarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
    Original Description: [Turdus] solitarius Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.170
    Alternative Names: [Asian Rock-Thrush]
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: Some winter birds in NE India, N Bengal, and Andaman Is. show a variable amount of rufous in underparts similar to extralimital philippensis Müller 1776 – but most photos of male are of typical pandoo.
    • 1210a. Monticola solitarius longirostris (Blyth, 1847) [HB#1725]
      Original Description: P.(etrocincla) longirostris Blyth, 1847 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol. 16, N° 2 p.150-151
      Distribution: Summer: Gilgit and Ladakh.
      Specimens: UMMZ, YPM
      Notes: No winter specimens from India but might occur at least during migration.
    • 1210b. Monticola solitarius pandoo (Sykes, 1832) [HB#1726]
      Original Description: Petrocincla Pandoo Sykes, 1832 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 2 p.87 (Ghauts, Dukhun)
      Taxonomy: Includes here affinis Blyth 1843 from Tenasserim and Darjeeling.
      Distribution: Summer: W Himalaya from Kashmir, Himachal, and Uttarakhand. Winter: Throughout India, locally, as west as Kachchh, south till Tamil Nadu and Kerala, nearly absent in SW coastal plains and E coastal plains; also, Arunachal, Assam, and all NE hill states; Middle and S Andaman Is., Car Nicobar Is. (historical).
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1880.1.1.361A (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, TNHM, BNHM
    • [Monticola solitarius philippensis (Müller, 1776) ]
      Original Description: Turdus Philippensis Müller, 1776 Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs p.145
      Distribution: NE India, Andaman & Nicobar Is.
      Notes: May be expected during migration.
  
  
• Saxicola Bechstein, 1802 Ornithologisches Taschenbuch von und für Deutschland (etc.) 1 p.216 Motacilla rubicola Linnaeus, 1766; Type by subsequent designation (Swainson, 1827, The Zoological Journal, 3, 10 (1827), p.172)
  • 1211. Jerdon's Bushchat Saxicola jerdoni (Blyth, 1867) [HB#1704]
    Original Description: Oreicola jerdoni Blyth, 1867 Ibis p.14 (Purnia, Bihar)
    Taxonomy: New name for melanoleuca Jerdon 1863. ZSI#35546 also listed as Holotype but presumably is another Syntype.
    Distribution: E Bihar (historical), Odisha (historical), W Bengal (historical), Brahmaputra plains of C and E Assam (locally), and Manipur valley.
    Type Specimen: NHMUK#1864.10.27.1 (Syntype).
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: Reports from W Uttar Pradesh (or Uttarakhand), Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Tripura not verified. Historically, it had a more extensive region than today. Less than ten sites known as of now.
  
  
  • 1212. Grey Bushchat Saxicola ferreus Gray & Gray, 1847
    Alternative Names: Dark-grey Bushchat
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1212a. Saxicola ferreus ferreus Gray & Gray, 1847 [HB#1705]
      Original Description: Saxicola ferrea Gray & Gray, 1847 Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.71,153
      Distribution: Summer: Along the Himalaya from Kashmir, through Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, and Mizoram. Winter: Extends sporadically in N India to Punjab, Haryana, Delhi region, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, S W Bengal, reaching as far as south as Nagpur (E Maharashtra) and Uttar Kannada (NW Karnataka); also, Assam and all NE hill states.
      Specimens: ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, BNHM
    • [Saxicola ferreus haringtoni (Hartert, 1910) ]
      Original Description: Oreicola ferrea haringtoni Hartert, 1910 Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der Mittelmeerregion vorkommenden Vögel Band I Heft VI p.711
      Taxonomy: This subspecies reportedly darker and smaller has been purported to winter in NE India (RA2012). Difference in retrix plumage (Saha et al. 1979, Bulletin of the Zoological Survey of India 2 (1):113) also reported but the ZSI specimens from Mizoram does not show these differences. No other specimens examined and hence treated here as tentative.
      Distribution: NE hill states.
      Notes: No definitive specimens located.
  
  
  • 1213. Whinchat Saxicola rubetra (Linnaeus, 1758)
    Original Description: Motacilla Rubetra Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.186
    Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Kodagu (Karnataka), Dharapuram (Tamil Nadu), Gilgit, Ladakh, and Himachal.
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Recent addition. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Magesh et al. (2022, IB 18 (1): 14), Stanba (2023, IB 19 (2): 61), Chethan & Prakash (2024, 19 (5): 159). A hybrid with Siberian Stonechat S. maurus reported from Goa (Topo et al. 2025, IB 21 (4): 118). Reports from western Maharashtra not evaluated here.
  
  
  • 1214. White-browed Bushchat Saxicola macrorhynchus (Stoliczka, 1872) [HB#1693]
    Original Description: Pratincola macrorhyncha Stoliczka, 1872 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 41 p.238 (Rapur and Bhuj, Kachchh)
    Alternative Names: Stoliczka's Bushchat
    Distribution: Non-breeding: NW India from SW Haryana, Delhi region, Bharatpur, W through Rajasthan till C Gujarat and Kachchh; sporadically in Maharashtra and Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh (historical).
    Type Specimen: NHMUK#1886.4.1.1533 (Syntype).
    Specimens: NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH
    IUCN: Vulnerable. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: Breeding distribution little known. Juveniles with adults reported from Tal Chhapar and Jorbeer in Rajasthan are the only signs of breeding within the country (Singh et al. 2019, IB 15 (1): 21).
  
  
  • 1215. Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata (Linnaeus, 1766)
    Original Description: Motacilla Caprata Linnaeus, 1766 Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.335
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • [Saxicola caprata rossorum (Hartert, 1910) ]
      Original Description: Pratincola caprata rossorum Hartert, 1910 Journal für Ornithologie 58 p.180-181
      Taxonomy: Not always recognised and synonymised with bicolor (AR2001, RA2012).
      Distribution: Winter: Rajasthan, Gujarat.
      Specimens: AMNH, MCZ
      Notes: There exist specimens labelled Etawah (AMNH), Gorakhpur (AMNH), Sambhar (MCZ), and Kullu (MCZ) – except Sambhar, other three sites are well within the breeding range of bicolor. Not investigated further.
    • 1215a. Saxicola caprata bicolor Sykes, 1832 [HB#1700]
      Original Description: Saxicola bicolor Sykes, 1832 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 2 p.92 (Dukhun)
      Taxonomy: Includes rupchandi Koelz 1939 from Londa, NW Karnataka.
      Distribution: Along the Indo-Gangetic plains and adjoining sub-Himalayan foothills from Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi region, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and N Bengal; possibly extending west through Rajasthan to Gujarat.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1880.1.1.884 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM
    • 1215b. Saxicola caprata burmanicus Baker, 1922 [HB#1701]
      Original Description: Saxicola caprata burmanica Baker, 1922 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 43 p.19
      Distribution: C India from Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, S W Bengal, Odisha, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra, and Tamil Nadu; extending to Assam, and all NE hill states.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, ROM, USNM, YPM, HYD
      Notes: Intergradation zone with other subspecies not worked out. Movements exist as well.
    • 1215c. Saxicola caprata nilgiriensis Whistler, 1940 [HB#1702]
      Original Description: Saxicola caprata nilgiriensis Whistler, 1940 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 60 p.90 (Udhagamandalam [=Ootacamund], Tamil Nadu)
      Distribution: Hill of SW Ghats from Nilgiris to Kalakkad.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1886.4.1.1510 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, USNM, YPM, TNHM
  
  
  • 1216. White-throated Bushchat Saxicola insignis Gray & Gray, 1847 [HB#1694]
    Original Description: Saxicola insignis Gray & Gray, 1847 Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.71,153
    Alternative Names: Hodgson's Bushchat
    Distribution: Winter: NW Haryana (Ambala, historical), S Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh south till Ayodhya region, Bihar, N Bengal, and Brahmaputra plains of Assam.
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, AMNH, YPM
    IUCN: Vulnerable. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: E Arunachal and Meghalaya reports not verified here. Range in NE India compounded by the presence of both Siberian Stonechat (multiple subspecies) and Amur Stonechat.
  
  
  • 1217. White-tailed Stonechat Saxicola leucurus (Blyth, 1847) [HB#1699]
    Original Description: Pratincola leucura Blyth, 1847 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16 p.474
    Distribution: Indo-Gangetic and Brahmaputra plains from Jammu, S Himachal, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi region, S Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, W Bengal (along the Ganga), Odisha (historical), Assam, E Arunachal, and Manipur valley.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: Cachar report (AR2001) not verified.
  
  
  • 1218. Siberian Stonechat Saxicola maurus (Pallas, 1773)
    Alternative Names: Eastern Stonechat (with S. stejnegeri); Collared Bushchat/Common Stonechat (with S. stejnegeri & S. torquatus EL)
    IUCN: Not Recognised. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: Field separation of subspecies is impossible and hence range statement is rather historic in nature.
    • 1218a. Saxicola maurus maurus (Pallas, 1773) [HB#1685]
      Original Description: Muscicapa maura Pallas, 1773 Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 2 p.428
      Distribution: Winter: N and NW India till about Nashik (W Maharashtra).
      Specimens: NHMUK, UMMZ
    • 1218b. Saxicola maurus indicus (Blyth, 1847) [HB#1697]
      Original Description: Pr.(atincola) indica Blyth, 1847 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol. 16, N° 2 p.129 (Kolkata)
      Distribution: Summer: Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Manipur. Winter: Extending throughout the subcontinent, south till Kerala and Tamil Nadu; entire W, C, E and NE India.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, YPM, MYS, HYD, BNHM
      Notes: Presence in Andaman Is (vs Amur Stonechat) has not been established.
    • 1218c. Saxicola maurus przewalskii (Pleske, 1889) [HB#1696]
      Original Description: Pratincola maura var. Przewalskii Pleske, 1889 Nauchnuie rezul'tatui puteshestvii N. M. Przheval'skago po tzentral'noi Azii (etc.) Zool. Theil. 2, Vögel p.46, pl. 4, fig. 1, 2, 3
      Distribution: Winter: Foothills of Himalaya from Himachal, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, N Bihar, N Bengal, Assam, Arunachal, Nagaland, and Meghalaya.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, YPM, BNHM
  
  
  • 1219. Amur Stonechat Saxicola stejnegeri (Parrot, 1908) [HB#1698]
    Original Description: Pr.(atincola) rubicola stejnegeri Parrot, 1908 Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 8 p. 124
    Taxonomy: Not always recognised (see HBW/BLI, H&M4, Avilist) and treated is a subspecies of S. maurus.
    Alternative Names: Stejneger's Stonechat
    Distribution: Winter: N Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, and Andaman Is.
    Specimens: BNHS, UMMZ, AMNH, ROM, YPM
    IUCN: Not Recognised. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: Identification compounded by other subspecies in NE India; recent reports unreliable and range based completely on specimens.
  
  
• Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816 Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire p.43 Le Motteux Buffon ; Type by tautonymy = Motacilla oenanthe Linnaeus, 1758
  • 1220. Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti (Temminck, 1825)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1220a. Oenanthe deserti deserti (Temminck, 1825) [HB#1710]
      Original Description: Saxicola deserti Temminck, 1825 Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.60 pl.359 fig.2
      Taxonomy: Includes atrogularis Blyth 1847 from Agra.
      Distribution: Winter: Most of the NW Indian subcontinent from Punjab and Himachal through Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, east till E Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh and south till Telangana and N Karnataka. Stragglers further east (NE Arunachal, Sikkim, S W Bengal, E Odisha) noted; passage through Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, and Jammu.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM
      Notes: Subspecies of stragglers in E India not determined but tentatively parked under this.
    • 1220b. Oenanthe deserti oreophila (Oberholser, 1900) [HB#1709]
      Original Description: Saxicola oreophila Oberholser, 1900 Proceedings of the United States National Museum 3 p.221 (Ladakh)
      Taxonomy: New name for montana Gould 1865.
      Distribution: Breeding: Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, N Himachal (Lahaul-Spiti). Stragglers reported from Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, ROM, USNM
      Notes: Mostly winters extralimitally in Africa (RA2012) and stragglers in S India must be from this African migratory population.
  
  
  • 1221. Pied Wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka (Lepekhin, 1770) [HB#1715]
    Original Description: Motacilla pleschanka Lepekhin, 1770 Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 14 p.503 pl.14 fig.2
    Alternative Names: Pleschanka's Chat
    Distribution: Breeding: Gilgit, Ladakh and Lahaul-Spiti as well as locally in Kashmir. Non-breeding: Passage migrants reported from W India from Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, SW Karnataka, and N Kerala as well as Punjab, Uttarakhand, S W Bengal, and Sikkim.
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: E Arunachal report considered tentative (see Mekola et al. 2024, IB 19 (2): 54).
  
  
  • 1222. Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe (Linnaeus, 1758)
    Alternative Names: Wheatear
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1222a. Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#1708]
      Original Description: Motacilla oenanthe Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.186
      Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Sikkim and W Arunachal.
      Notes: Records along E Himalaya indicate that the nominate subspecies may be involved as well in our region. See Abhinav et al. (2020, IB 15 (6): 161) for a review. AMNH#582920 collected from the Gurais valley, Kashmir has not been examined.
    • 1222b. Oenanthe oenanthe libanotica (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)
      Original Description: Saxicola libanotica Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833 Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syrian Arabiam et Habessianiam publico institutis (etc.) sig. z
      Distribution: Breeding: Gilgit and Ladakh (?). Non-breeding: Scattered reports during passage from Kashmir, Himachal, Uttarakhand, Gujarat, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala.
      Notes: Breeding population in Gilgit (Abhinav et al. 2020, 15 (6): 165), and presumably in Ladakh, could be this subspecies. Other reports are tentatively parked under this subspecies; but S Indian reports could be that of the nominate subspecies as well.
  
  
  • 1223. Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina (Temminck, 1829) [HB#1706]
    Original Description: Saxicola isabellina Temminck, 1829 Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.79 pl.472 fig.1
    Alternative Names: Isabelline Chat
    Distribution: Winter: NW India from Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat, W Maharashtra, Telangana, and N Karnataka. Sporadic during passage from Gilgit, Ladakh and Kashmir in the N India to S Kerala and S Tamil Nadu in the south; and S W Bengal, Assam and NE Arunachal in the east.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, ROM, USNM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: N and NE Indian passage migrants are probably the birds wintering in India; while S Indian passage migrants winter in CE Africa.
  
  
  • 1224. Brown Rock Chat Oenanthe fusca (Blyth, 1851) [HB#1692]
    Original Description: Saxicola fusca Blyth, 1851 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 20 p.523 (Mathura [=Muttra], Uttar Pradesh)
    Taxonomy: Type specimen lost (Sclater 1892, Ibis 34 (1): 73). Includes ruinarum Koelz 1939 from Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh.
    Alternative Names: Indian Chat
    Distribution: Entire N Indian subcontinent from Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal onwards, entire NW India of Rajasthan and Gujarat; south till N Karnataka and Telangana; east to S W Bengal, W Odisha and NE Andhra (once).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
  • 1225. Variable Wheatear Oenanthe picata (Blyth, 1847) [HB#1712]
    Original Description: Saxicola picata Blyth, 1847 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16 p.131
    Taxonomy: Three forms – picata Blyth 1847 from Scinde [=Sindh], capistrata Gould 1865 from 'Upper Provinces of Hindostan' = Sindh, and opistholeuca Strickland 1849 from 'Northern India' = Punjab sometimes treated as subspecies, or even species – with names Blyth's Wheatear, Gould's Wheatear, and Strickland's Wheatear respectively (see Shirihai & Svensson 2018, Handbook of Birds of Western Palearctic I p. 339).
    Alternative Names: Pied Chat
    Distribution: Summer: Gilgit (Blyth's and Gould's), Ladakh (Gould's), and Kashmir. Winter: Rajasthan and Gujarat mainly – but also in Jammu, Himachal, Delhi region, Punjab, Uttarakhand, E Uttar Pradesh, N Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra (except Strickland's). Strickland's has occurred once in NW Tamil Nadu.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Sundar et al. (2019, BA 32: 30).
  
  
  • 1226. Hume's Wheatear Oenanthe albonigra (Hume, 1872) [HB#1714]
    Original Description: Saxicola Alboniger Hume, 1872 Stray Feathers 1 p.2
    Alternative Names: Hume's Chat
    Distribution: Historical reports from Gilgit and Suru valley (Ladakh).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, AMNH
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
  • 1227. Finsch's Wheatear Oenanthe finschii (Heuglin, 1869)
    Original Description: Saxicola Finschii Heuglin, 1869 Ornithologie Nordost-Afrika's, der Nilquellen- und Küsten-Gebiete des Rothen Meeres und des nördlichen Somal-Landes 1 p.350
    Alternative Names: Barnes's Chat
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Wasnik et al. (2019, BA 31: 107).
    • 1227a. Oenanthe finschii barnesi (Oates, 1890) [HB#1711]
      Original Description: Saxicola barnesi Oates, 1890 The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 1st ed. vol. 1 p.75
      Distribution: Winter: Thar (W Rajasthan) only.
      Notes: Based on specimens from Afghanistan, Indian birds assumed to be of this subspecies. See Wasnik et al. (2019, BA 31:107).
  
  
  • 1228. Red-tailed Wheatear Oenanthe chrysopygia (de Filippi, 1863) [HB#1707]
    Original Description: Dromolaea chrysopygia de Filippi, 1863 Archivio per la Zoologia, l'Anatomia e la Fisiologia 2 p. 381
    Alternative Names: Rusty-tailed Wheatear, Red-tailed Chat
    Distribution: Winter: NW India – W Rajasthan and Kachchh. Passage migrants reported from Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi region, and N Bengal.
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, FMNH
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.