Birds of India - The New Synopsis

A complete checklist of bird species and subspecies found in India

Galliformes (Landfowl)

Phasianidae (Partridges, Quails, and Pheasants)

• Arborophila Hodgson, 1837 Madras Journal of Literature and Science 5 p.303 Perdix olivacea Latham ; Type by original designation = Perdix torqueola Valenciennes, 1825
  • 47. Hill Partridge Arborophila torqueola (Valenciennes, 1825)
    Alternative Names: Common Hill Partridge
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 47a. Arborophila torqueola millardi (Baker, 1921) [HB#266]
      Original Description: Arboricola torqueola millardi Baker, 1921 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 41 p.101 (Kotgarh, Himachal)
      Distribution: Foothills of Jammu, Himachal, and Uttarakhand.
      Specimens: BNHS, FMNH, MCZ, YPM
    • 47b. Arborophila torqueola torqueola (Valenciennes, 1825) [HB#267]
      Original Description: Perdix torqueola Valenciennes, 1825 Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 38 p.435 (Bengal)
      Distribution: Foothills of Sikkim, N Bengal and Arunachal.
      Specimens: ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, YPM
    • 47c. Arborophila torqueola interstincta Ripley, 1951 [HB#268]
      Original Description: Arborophila torqueola interstincta Ripley, 1951 Postilla no.6 p.1 (Mt Zephu, Phek district, Nagaland)
      Distribution: Nagaland and possibly Manipur where sight records exist.
      Type Specimen: YPM#12006 (Holotype).
      Specimens: UMMZ, YPM
    • [Arborophila torqueola batemani (Ogilvie-Grant, 1906) [HB#269]]
      Original Description: Arboricola batemani Ogilvie-Grant, 1906 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 16 p.68
      Distribution: Mizoram.
      Notes: Recent sight records from Mizoram (Aizawl area & Morlen) may be of this taxon – no specimens traced (RA2012).
  
  
  • 48. Chestnut-breasted Partridge Arborophila mandellii Hume, 1874 [HB#273]
    Original Description: Arborophila Mandellii Hume, 1874 Stray Feathers 2 p.449 (Bhutan Dooars)
    Alternative Names: Chestnut-breasted Hill Partridge
    Distribution: Hills of Sikkim, N Bengal and all of Arunachal, east till Vijoynagar region.
    Type Specimen: NHMUK#1889.5.10.966 (Holotype).
    Specimens: NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH
    IUCN: Near Threatened. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-I.
    Endemic: Eastern Himalaya.
  
  
  • 49. Rufous-throated Partridge Arborophila rufogularis (Blyth, 1849)
    Alternative Names: Rufous-throated Hill Partridge
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 49a. Arborophila rufogularis rufogularis (Blyth, 1849) [HB#270]
      Original Description: Arboricola rufogularis Blyth, 1849 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18 p.819 (Darjeeling)
      Distribution: Uttarakhand, Sikkim, N Bengal, entire Arunachal till Namdapha and Vijoynagar in the southeast.
      Type Specimen: ZSI#18966 (Holotype or Syntype?).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMZC, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, YPM, TNHM
    • 49b. Arborophila rufogularis intermedia (Blyth, 1855) [HB#271]
      Original Description: Arboricola intermedia Blyth, 1855 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 24 p.277
      Distribution: South of Patkai hills in Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Cachar, and Mizoram.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, FMNH, USNM, YPM
      Notes: This subspecies is diagnostic from the nominate subspecies requiring re-evaluation of its taxonomic rank (RA2012). Includes tenebrarum Koelz 1954 from Tura mountain, Garo hills, Meghalaya.
  
  
  • 50. White-cheeked Partridge Arborophila atrogularis (Blyth, 1849) [HB#272]
    Original Description: Arboricola atrogularis Blyth, 1849 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18 p.819 (Assam, Sylhet, and Arrakan)
    Taxonomy: Includes rupchandi Koelz 1953 from Menoka (Assam-Bhutan border).
    Alternative Names: White-cheeked Hill Partridge
    Distribution: Foothills of Assam, from about Manas, east along the Assam-Arunachal border till Namdapha, also hills south of Guwahati, Garo and Khasi hills in Meghalaya, adjoining Cachar hills, as well as the hills of Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, and Mizoram.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
• Lerwa Hodgson, 1837 Madras Journal of Literature and Science 5 p.300 Perdix lerwa Hodgson, 1833; Type by monotypy
  • 51. Snow Partridge Lerwa lerwa (Hodgson, 1833) [HB#227]
    Original Description: Perdix Lerwa Hodgson, 1833 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 no.9 p.107
    Taxonomy: Treated as monotypic (eBird/Clements, IOC, Avilist) and extralimital subspecies major Meinertzhagen, 1927 not recognised here.
    Distribution: W Himalaya from Kashmir eastwards through Darjeeling (historical), Sikkim, and certain parts of W Arunachal till Upper Subansiri, disjunctly in the Mishmi hills.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, YPM, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: Possibly have a continuous range in Arunachal till N Myanmar and the current break in distribution is due to lack of surveys.
  
  
• Ithaginis Wagler, 1832 Isis 25 col.1228 Phasianus cruentus Hardwicke, 1821; Type by monotypy
  • 52. Blood Pheasant Ithaginis cruentus (Hardwicke, 1821)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I. CITES: Appendix II.
    • [Ithaginis cruentus cruentus (Hardwicke, 1821) [HB#281]]
      Original Description: Phasianus cruentus Hardwicke, 1821 Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (1), 13 p.237
      Taxonomy: No definite reports of the true nominate subspecies that occurs in Nepal – such labelled museum skins from India may refer to affinis.
      Distribution: W Sikkim.
      Specimens: AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM
    • 52a. Ithaginis cruentus affinis Beebe, 1912 [HB#282]
      Original Description: Ithaginis cruentus affinis Beebe, 1912 Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 1 no.10 p.191 (British Sikkim)
      Taxonomy: Not always recognised and often lumped with the nominate subspecies (RA2012). Type specimen is #387 in Kuser-Beebe collection; the whereabouts of the same is now unknown.
      Distribution: Sikkim and N Bengal.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI
    • 52b. Ithaginis cruentus tibetanus Baker, 1914 [HB#283]
      Original Description: Ithagines tibetanus Baker, 1914 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.18 (Sela or Tela Range, above Tawang eastern Bhutan-Tibet boundary, Arunachal)
      Distribution: NW Arunachal.
      Notes: Might occur along the national boundary and lack of distribution further east may be due to lack of adequate surveys.
    • 52c. Ithaginis cruentus kuseri Beebe, 1912 [HB#284]
      Original Description: Ithaginis kuseri Beebe, 1912 Zoologica: scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society 1 no.10 p.190
      Taxonomy: Though Abdulali (1969, JBNHS 66:269) considers the BHHS Mishmi specimen to be the N Myanmarese subspecies marionae Mayr 1941, RA2012 treats the Mishmi hills population as kuseri. ZSI Mishmi specimen, that was examined, also matches with kuseri.
      Distribution: Mishmi hills in Arunachal.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI
      Notes: Might occur in Walong region and Dapha bum in E Arunachal as well.
  
  
• Tragopan Cuvier, 1829 Le règne animal distribué d'aprés son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Nouvelle édition, revue et augmentée ed. 2, 1 p.479 Meleagris satyra Linnaeus, 1758; Type by monotypy
  • 53. Western Tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus (Gray, 1829) [HB#285]
    Original Description: Phasianus Melanocephalus Gray, 1829 The Animal Kingdom. Arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed 8 p.29 (Almora)
    Alternative Names: Western Horned Pheasant
    Distribution: W Himalaya from Kashmir eastwards till Garhwal hills in W Uttarakhand. Current population in India is mostly concentrated around the Great Himalayan National Park in Himachal.
    Type Specimen: NHMUK#Old Vellum Cat.34.23?a (Syntype).
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM
    IUCN: Vulnerable. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I. CITES: Appendix I.
    Endemic: Western Himalaya.
  
  
  • 54. Satyr Tragopan Tragopan satyra (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#286]
    Original Description: Meleagris Satyra Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.157 (Bengal)
    Alternative Names: Crimson Horned Pheasant
    Distribution: Himalaya from about Garhwal in W Uttaranchal, E through Sikkim, N Bengal and extreme NW Arunachal.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-I.
  
  
  • 55. Blyth's Tragopan Tragopan blythii (Jerdon, 1870)
    Alternative Names: Grey-bellied Tragopan
    IUCN: Vulnerable. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I. CITES: Appendix I.
    Endemic: Eastern Himalaya.
    • 55a. Tragopan blythii molesworthi Baker, 1914 [HB#287]
      Original Description: Tragopan blythi molesworthi Baker, 1914 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 35 p.18
      Taxonomy: Validity of the subspecies needs investigation.
      Distribution: Dafla hills (W Arunachal) and Mouling NP in Upper Siang Valley (C Arunachal).
      Notes: Media available but probably no specimens from W Arunachal. C Arunachal population tenatively considered this (see Sharma et al. 2024, IB 20 (2): 35).
    • 55b. Tragopan blythii blythii (Jerdon, 1870) [HB#288]
      Original Description: Ceriornis Blythii Jerdon, 1870 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal p.60 (hills at the head of the valley of Assam, i.e., Henema, Naga hills)
      Taxonomy: Includes rupchandi Koelz 1954 from Blue Mountain, Mizoram.
      Distribution: Mishmi hills, Namdapha, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1870.8.15.2 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM
      Notes: Mishmi population remains unsampled but is believed to be the nominate subspecies.
  
  
  • 56. Temminck's Tragopan Tragopan temminckii (Gray, 1831) [HB#289]
    Original Description: Satyra Temminckii Gray, 1831 Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 1 pt.9 pl.50
    Alternative Names: Chinese Crimson Horned Pheasant
    Distribution: Restricted to Arunachal from the Dafla hills in the west till Mishmi hills in the east.
    Specimens: BNHS, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I.
  
  
• Lophophorus Temminck, 1813 Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 2 p.355 Lophophorus refulgens Temminck, 1813; Type by monotypy = Phasianus impejanus Latham, 1790
  • 57. Himalayan Monal Lophophorus impejanus (Latham, 1790) [HB#290]
    Original Description: Phasianus impejanus Latham, 1790 Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.632 (Sikkim)
    Taxonomy: Includes chambanus Marshall 1884 from Chamba, Himachal.
    Alternative Names: Impeyan Monal, Impeyan Monal Pheasant
    Distribution: Himalaya from Kashmir in the west till W Arunachal in the east and disjunctly in Mishmi hills and Walong region.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-I. CITES: Appendix I.
    Notes: Possibly have a continuous range in Arunachal and the current break in distribution is due to lack of surveys.
  
  
  • 58. Sclater's Monal Lophophorus sclateri Jerdon, 1870
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I. CITES: Appendix I.
    Endemic: Eastern Himalaya.
    • 58a. Lophophorus sclateri arunachalensis Kumar R & Singh, 2004
      Original Description: Lophophorus sclateri arunachalensis Kumar R & Singh, 2004 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 124 p.20 [20-28] (Pakdhung, Arunachal)
      Distribution: W Arunachal from Sela till Pakdhung (Kurung Kumey).
      Type Specimen: BNHS#28946 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS
    • 58b. Lophophorus sclateri sclateri Jerdon, 1870 [HB#291]
      Original Description: Lophophorus sclateri Jerdon, 1870 Ibis p.148 (Mishmi hills)
      Distribution: Arunachal – from Upper Siang Vallay and Mishmi hills till Dapha bum.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1871.12.1.1 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, YPM
  
  
• Pucrasia Gray, 1841 A list of the genera of birds, with their synonyma and with an indication of the typical species of each genus. 2nd. ed. Ed.2 p.79 Satyra macrolopha Lesson, 1829; Type by monotypy
  • 59. Koklass Pheasant Pucrasia macrolopha (Lesson, 1829)
    Alternative Names: Koklas Pheasant
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 59a. Pucrasia macrolopha castanea Gould, 1855 [HB#303]
      Original Description: Pucrasia castanea Gould, 1855 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 22, no.266 p.99
      Distribution: Kashmir, Gilgit (?).
      Specimens: BNHS
      Notes: Included based on a specimen (#13728) labelled 'Kashmir' in the BNHS (See Abdulali 1969, JBNHS 66 (2): 278). Occurs in Chitral (Pakistan) and hence possibly also in Gilgit.
    • 59b. Pucrasia macrolopha biddulphi Marshall, 1879 [HB#304]
      Original Description: Pucrasia biddulphi Marshall, 1879 Ibis p.461 (Kashmir)
      Taxonomy: Includes bethelae Fleming 1947 from Manali, Himachal.
      Distribution: Gilgit, Kashmir, and W Himachal.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1889.5.10.1855 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NUMUK, AMNH, FMNH, YPM
    • 59c. Pucrasia macrolopha macrolopha (Lesson, 1829) [HB#305]
      Original Description: Satyra macrolopha Lesson, 1829 Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 59 p.196 (Bengal)
      Distribution: C Himachal and Uttarakhand.
      Specimens: BNHS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, YPM, LKO
    • [Pucrasia macrolopha nipalensis Gould, 1855 [HB#306]]
      Original Description: Pucrasia Nipalensis Gould, 1855 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 22, no.266 p.100
      Distribution: Sikkim, N Bengal.
      Notes: Possibly restricted to Nepal and does not occur in India but there is a claimed sight record in E Nepal and hence may occur in adjacent territories – require investigation.
    • 59d. Pucrasia macrolopha meyeri Madarász, 1886
      Original Description: Pucrasia meyeri Madarász, 1886 Ibis p.145
      Distribution: Walong region in E Arunachal.
      Notes: No specimens available. Photographs from Walong.
  
  
• Perdix Brisson, 1760 Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumaque varietates 1 p.26,219 Perdix cinerea Brisson ; Type by tautonymy = Tetrao perdix Linnaeus, 1758
  • 60. Tibetan Partridge Perdix hodgsoniae (Hodgson, 1856)
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-I.
    • 60a. Perdix hodgsoniae caraganae Meinertzhagen & Meinertzhagen, 1926 [HB#248]
      Original Description: Perdix hodgsoniae caraganae Meinertzhagen & Meinertzhagen, 1926 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.86 (Chushul [=Shushal], E Ladakh)
      Distribution: Ladakh and N Uttarakhand.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1965.M.15 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NUMUK, FMNH
    • 60b. Perdix hodgsoniae hodgsoniae (Hodgson, 1856) [HB#249]
      Original Description: Sacfa Hodgsoniae Hodgson, 1856 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 25 p.165, pl.
      Distribution: Sikkim, Mago, and Tawang (W Arunachal).
      Notes: See Ludlow & Kinnear (1937, Ibis 79 (3): 501) who reported it from Mago district in Goshu Chu valley in W Arunachal. No specimens have been located from Sikkim or Arunachal.
  
  
• Syrmaticus Wagler, 1832 Isis 25 col.1229 Phasianus reevesii Gray, 1829; Type by monotypy
  • 61. Mrs. Hume's Pheasant Syrmaticus humiae (Hume, 1881)
    Alternative Names: Mrs. Hume's Barred-back Pheasant
    IUCN: Vulnerable. WLPA: Schedule-I. CITES: Appendix I.
    • 61a. Syrmaticus humiae humiae (Hume, 1881) [HB#308]
      Original Description: Callophasis humiae Hume, 1881 Stray Feathers 9 p.461 (Manipur)
      Distribution: Eastern hill ranges of Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1889.5.10.1586 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NUMUK, UMMZ, FMNH
  
  
• Catreus Cabanis, 1851 Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet und herausgeben von J.S. Ersch und J.G. Gruber sect.1, no.53 p.221 Phasianus wallichii Hardwicke, 1827; Type by monotypy
  • 62. Cheer Pheasant Catreus wallichii (Hardwicke, 1827) [HB#307]
    Original Description: Lophophorus (Phasianus) Wallichii Hardwicke, 1827 Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (1), 15 p.166 (Almora hills, Uttarakhand)
    Alternative Names: Chir Pheasant
    Distribution: W Himalaya from Kashmir in the west till Uttarakhand in the east.
    Type Specimen: NHMUK#Old Vellum Cat.34.13b (Syntype).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM, LKO
    IUCN: Vulnerable. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I. CITES: Appendix I.
    Endemic: Western Himalaya.
  
  
• Lophura Fleming, 1822 The philosophy of zoology; or a general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals 2 p.230 Phasianus ignitus Shaw, 1798; Type by monotypy
  • 63. Kalij Pheasant Lophura leucomelanos (Latham, 1790)
    Alternative Names: Kaleej Pheasant
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-I.
    • 63a. Lophura leucomelanos hamiltonii (Gray, 1829) [HB#293]
      Original Description: Phasianus Hamiltonii Gray, 1829 The Animal Kingdom. Arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed 8 p.27 (India)
      Distribution: W Himalaya from Kashmir through Himachal till Kumaon hills in E Uttarakhand.
      Specimens: BNHS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM
    • 63b. Lophura leucomelanos leucomelanos (Latham, 1790) [HB#294]
      Original Description: Phasianus leucomelanos Latham, 1790 Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.633
      Distribution: Kumaon hills (Uttarakhand) and N Bihar (Valmiki Tiger Reserve).
      Specimens: UMZC, UMMZ
      Notes: Old specimen from Mussoorie believed to be an escapee but investigation required as to the recent occurrence of both hamiltoni and the nominate subspecies in certain parts of Kumaon hills. See Choudhury (2016, IB 11 (3): 58) for its presence in Bihar.
    • 63c. Lophura leucomelanos melanota (Hutton, 1848) [HB#295]
      Original Description: Euplocomus melanotus Hutton, 1848 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 17 p.694 (Darjeeling)
      Taxonomy: Subspecies moffitti Hachisuka 1938 from an unknown type locality is now widely considered a hybrid of captive origin (RA2012). Delacour (2008, Ibis 91 (2): 205) considered it to be a valid form intermediate between lathami and melanota and hypothesised its range to be C Bhutan or Khasi hills. AR2001 mentions a wild specimen from Bhutan.
      Distribution: Sikkim and N Bengal.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMZC, UMMZ, FMNH
      Notes: Possibly occurs in W Assam.
    • 63d. Lophura leucomelanos lathami (Gray, 1829) [HB#296]
      Original Description: Phasianus Lathami Gray, 1829 The Animal Kingdom. Arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed 8 p.26
      Distribution: Arunachal, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, N Mizoram, and adjoining Assam.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM
      Notes: Photographs from N Mizoram exists.
    • [Lophura leucomelanos williamsi (Oates, 1898) [HB#297]]
      Original Description: Gennaeus williamsi Oates, 1898 A manual of the game birds of India 1 p.342
      Distribution: S Mizoram.
      Specimens: ZSI, YPM
      Notes: Sight reports from S Mizoram may be of this subspecies. Though YPM #042204 from Cachar and ZSI #29583 are listed as this subspecies, they need to be examined to verify if they have intermediate characteristics.
  
  
• Pavo Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.156 Pavo cristatus Linnaeus, 1758; Type by tautonymy
  • 64. Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus Linnaeus, 1758 [HB#311]
    Original Description: Pavo cristatus Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.156 (India orientali, Zeylona)
    Alternative Names: Blue Peafowl, Common Peafowl
    Distribution: All across the country except the high and trans Himalaya, driest portions of Thar desert and the hilly regions of NE India. Introduced in Ross Is. in South Andaman.
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, TNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-I.
  
  
  • 65. Green Peafowl Pavo muticus Linnaeus, 1766
    Original Description: Pavo muticus Linnaeus, 1766 Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.268
    Alternative Names: Burmese Peafowl
    IUCN: Endangered. WLPA: Schedule-I. CITES: Appendix II.
    • 65a. Pavo muticus spicifer Shaw, 1804 [HB#312]
      Original Description: Pavo spicifer Shaw, 1804 The naturalist's miscellany 16 pl.[641] (India)
      Distribution: Historically, from E Manipur hills and possibly E Mizoram hills.
      Notes: No Indian specimens available, but records (e.g., old hunting records from 1928 in Higgins 1934, JBNHS 37 (1): 88) are from the range of this taxon.
  
  
• Galloperdix Blyth, 1845 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13 p.936 dP Tetrao spadiceus Gmelin, 1789; Type by monotypy
  • 66. Red Spurfowl Galloperdix spadicea (Gmelin, 1789)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Endemic: Endemic to India.
    • 66a. Galloperdix spadicea spadicea (Gmelin, 1789) [HB#275]
      Original Description: Tetrao spadiceus Gmelin, 1789 Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.759 (India)
      Distribution: Uttar Pradesh south through peninsular India, east till W Bengal, west till Dangs, S along the Deccan, and E slopes of W Ghats including Wayanad.
      Specimens: BNHS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, TNHM, MYS
    • 66b. Galloperdix spadicea caurina Blanford, 1898 [HB#276]
      Original Description: Galloperdix spadicea var. caurina Blanford, 1898 The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. 1st ed. 4 p.107 (Mt. Abu, Rajasthan)
      Distribution: Rajasthan, adjoining E Madhya Pradesh, and NE Gujarat.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1889.5.10.1512 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NUMUK, FMNH
      Notes: Intergradation zone believed to be Hathidhara in W Gujarat (AR2001).
    • 66c. Galloperdix spadicea stewarti Baker, 1919 [HB#277]
      Original Description: Galloperdix spadicea stewarti Baker, 1919 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 40 p.18 (Anachady [=Aneichardi], Kollam district, S Kerala)
      Distribution: SW Ghats and coastal Kerala.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1914.9.26.29 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NUMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM, TNHM
      Notes: Intergradation zone not well-defined but presumed to be the Wayanad plateau (Kerala).
  
  
  • 67. Painted Spurfowl Galloperdix lunulata (Valenciennes, 1825) [HB#278]
    Original Description: Perdix lunulata Valenciennes, 1825 Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes ...Par plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi, et des principales écoles de Paris 38 p.446 (Bengal)
    Distribution: Most of peninsular India from about Ganga, west till about the driest parts of Thar desert, most of C India, east up till the Jharkhand-Bengal border in W Bengal, south all the way till the tip of the peninsula along the eastern slopes of SW Ghats. Absent in entire W India including Gujarat, W and C Maharashtra, W Karnataka, W coast as well as western slopes of the W Ghats and coastal plains of Tamil Nadu.
    Type Specimen: MNHN#2013-32 (Holotype).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, MNHN, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM, YPM, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Endemic: Endemic to India.
  
  
• Polyplectron Temminck, 1807 Catalogue systématique du cabinet d'ornithologie et de la collection de quadrumanes de Crd. Jb. Temminck p.149 Polyplectron chinquis Temminck, 1813; Type by monotypy = Pavo bicalcaratus Linnaeus, 1758
  • 68. Grey Peacock-Pheasant Polyplectron bicalcaratum (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#309-310]
    Original Description: Pavo bicalcaratus Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.156
    Taxonomy: Subspecies bakeri (Lowe 1925) of Sikkim till W Arunachal that supposedly have mostly green (vs purple) ocelli, not recognised here as these are potentially individual variations. Monotypic as proposed by Penhallurick & Walters (2005, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 125 (3): 228).
    Distribution: Sikkim, N Bengal foothills, Assam, and all NE hill states.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-I. CITES: Appendix II.
  
  
• Bambusicola Gould, 1863 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863, Part 3, p.285 Perdix thoracica Temminck, 1815; Type by subsequent designation (Ogilvie-Grant, 1893, Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum, 22, p.257)
  • 69. Mountain Bamboo-Partridge Bambusicola fytchii Anderson, 1871
    Original Description: Bambusicola fytchii Anderson, 1871 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 p.214 pl.11
    Alternative Names: Bamboo Partridge
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-I.
    • 69a. Bambusicola fytchii hopkinsoni Godwin-Austen, 1874 [HB#274]
      Original Description: Bambusicola hopkinsoni Godwin-Austen, 1874 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 p.44 (Khasi hills, Meghalaya)
      Taxonomy: Includes rincheni Koelz 1954 from Sangau, Mizo hills.
      Distribution: SE Arunachal (Namdapha), Nagaland, Meghalaya (Garo and Khasi hills), Cachar hills, Manipur, and Mizoram.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1895.7.14.1190 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NUMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, YPM
  
  
• Gallus Brisson, 1760 Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumaque varietates 1 p.26,166 Phasianus gallus Linnaeus, 1758; Type by tautonymy
  • 70. Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758)
    Original Description: Phasianus Gallus Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.158
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 70a. Gallus gallus murghi Robinson & Kloss, 1920 [HB#299]
      Original Description: Gallus ferrugineus murghi Robinson & Kloss, 1920 Records of the Indian Museum 19 p.14,15 (Chirala, Gaya District, Bihar)
      Taxonomy: Includes gallina Koelz 1954 from Kotla, Kangra, Himachal.
      Distribution: Kashmir eastwards along the outer Himalaya till E Arunachal, south till about Godavari river, west till E Maharashtra, and E Madhya Pradesh (till Pachmarhi).
      Type Specimen: ZSI#18921 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM
    • 70b. Gallus gallus spadiceus (Bonnaterre, 1792) [HB#300]
      Original Description: Coturnix Spadicea Bonnaterre, 1792 Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 1 p.218
      Taxonomy: Genus of the protonym is considered Perdix in Ri1961. However, the original description refers to it as a Coturnix.
      Distribution: From Mishmi hills (NE Arunachal) and further east.
      Specimens: BNHS
      Notes: Subspecies identity of birds in NE hill states is unclear.
  
  
  • 71. Grey Junglefowl Gallus sonneratii Temminck, 1813 [HB#301]
    Original Description: Gallus Sonneratii Temminck, 1813 Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 2 p.246 (E Ghats near Chennai [=Madras])
    Taxonomy: Considered monotypic though slightly paler (probably clinal) population in the north was recognised as wangyeli Koelz, 1954. Timbre of calls reported as different (AR2001), but existing recordings from Rajasthan do not show any difference. Also, include indicus Leach 1815 (Type locality: India, restricted to Madras [=Chennai]).
    Distribution: W Ghats including Dangs, E Ghats north at least till Maredumilli (but mostly south of Godavari river), certain hilly pockets in the Deccan, C Indian hills extending till the Mt. Abu region in the northwest and Satpuras, Pench, and Nawegoan on the southeast. Historically, entire SW coastal plains.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, TNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-I. CITES: Appendix II.
    Endemic: Endemic to India.
    Notes: Hybridisation with Red Junglefowl reported in parts of C India where both co-occur.
  
  
• Ortygornis Reichenbach, 1853 Avium systema naturale. Das natürliche system der vögel mit hundert tafeln grösstentheils original-abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen formen. Vorlaüfer einer iconographie der arten der vögel aller welttheile p. XXVIII Tetrao pondicerianus Gmelin, 1789; Type by original designation
  • 72. Swamp Francolin Ortygornis gularis (Temminck, 1815) [HB#247]
    Original Description: Perdix gularis Temminck, 1815 Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés, accompagné de planches anatomiques 3 p.401,731 (Vicinity of Kolkata)
    Taxonomy: Includes ridibundus Koelz 1954 from Kalnahi, Uttar Pradesh.
    Alternative Names: Swamp Partridge
    Distribution: Terai region and plains from W Uttar Pradesh, N Bihar, N Bengal, Assam and adjoining E Arunachal. Historically in Meghalaya, Manipur, and Tripura.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, YPM, LKO
    IUCN: Near Threatened. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I.
  
  
  • 73. Grey Francolin Ortygornis pondicerianus (Gmelin, 1789)
    Alternative Names: Grey Partridge
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: Introduced in S Andaman though subspecies uncertain.
    • 73a. Ortygornis pondicerianus interpositus (Hartert, 1917) [HB#245]
      Original Description: Francolinus pondicerianus interpositus Hartert, 1917 Novitates Zoologicae 24 p.288 (Oudh)
      Taxonomy: Includes prepositus Koelz 1954 from Kotla, Kangra, Himachal, paganus Koelz 1954 from Sihor, Saurashtra, and tita Koelz 1954 from Ramanujganj, Surguja.
      Distribution: Across northern India, except the high and trans Himalaya and NE India; south till about Maharashtra, Telangana, and Andhra.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM, YPM, FTLB
      Notes: Distribution roughly north of a line connecting Pune and Kakinada (AR2001).
    • 73b. Ortygornis pondicerianus pondicerianus (Gmelin, 1789) [HB#246]
      Original Description: Tetrao pondicerianus Gmelin, 1789 Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.760 (Puducherry [=Pondicherry])
      Distribution: S Peninsula from about Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra and down south till S Tamil Nadu. Absent in most of western coastal plains except in certain patches like around Palakkad gap.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, TNHM
  
  
• Francolinus Stephens, 1819 General Zoology, or systematic natural history 11 pt2 p.316 Francolinus vulgaris Stephens, 1819; Type by tautonymy = Tetrao francolinus Linnaeus, 1766
  • 74. Chinese Francolin Francolinus pintadeanus (Scopoli, 1786)
    Original Description: Tetrao Pintadeanus Scopoli, 1786 Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae 2 p.93
    Alternative Names: Burmese Francolin
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 74a. Francolinus pintadeanus phayrei (Blyth, 1843) [HB#243]
      Original Description: Perdix Phayrei Blyth, 1843 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12 p.1010
      Distribution: Eastern slopes of Manipur hills in Thoubal and Chandel districts; as well as NC Manipur close to Nagaland border.
      Specimens: BNHS
      Notes: See Kaestner (2022, IB 18 (3): 70) for its occurrence in NC Manipur.
  
  
  • 75. Painted Francolin Francolinus pictus (Jardine & Selby, 1828)
    Alternative Names: Painted Partridge
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 75a. Francolinus pictus pallidus (Gray, 1831) [HB#240]
      Original Description: Perdix hepburnii var. pallida Gray, 1831 Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 1 pt8 pl.55 (Udaipur, Rajasthan)
      Distribution: NW India from about Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, W through Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, south to about Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh.
      Specimens: BNHS, UMMZ, FMNH, YPM
      Notes: Boundary between subspecies arbitrarily fixed at 20°N.
    • 75b. Francolinus pictus pictus (Jardine & Selby, 1828) [HB#241]
      Original Description: Perdix picta Jardine & Selby, 1828 Illustrations of ornithology 1 pl.50, text (Bengaluru)
      Distribution: Southern peninsula from Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh to Telangana, N and C Karnataka, and S Andhra.
      Specimens: BNHS, UMZC, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, YPM, FTLB
      Notes: Historical distribution included S Karnataka and probably C Tamil Nadu as well but no recent records there.
  
  
  • 76. Black Francolin Francolinus francolinus (Linnaeus, 1766)
    Original Description: Tetrao Francolinus Linnaeus, 1766 Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] p.275
    Alternative Names: Black Partridge
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 76a. Francolinus francolinus henrici Bonaparte, 1856 [HB#237]
      Original Description: Francolinus henrici Bonaparte, 1856 Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.882
      Distribution: NW India with specimens from Ambala and Sirsa (both Haryana), Kachchh, Rudramala, and Bhavnagar (all Gujarat).
      Specimens: BNHS, AMNH, FMNH
      Notes: Specimens in the museums have not been specifically examined for this subspecies; but listing here based on their current tags and locations.They are from Kachchh (AMNH #14868, FMNH #411696, #41465-68, BNHS#13731, BNHS#13742, BNHS#20166, BNHS#20283), Bhavnagar (BNHS#13744), Rudramala (BNHS#19683), Sirsa (BNHS#19274), and Ambala (BNHS#13715). RA2012 & AR2001 do not specifically list India, or Indian states in its range.
    • 76b. Francolinus francolinus asiae Bonaparte, 1856 [HB#238]
      Original Description: Francolinus asiae Bonaparte, 1856 Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 42 p.882 (W India)
      Taxonomy: Includes parkerae Van Tyle & Koelz 1936 from Arsu (Kullu, Himachal).
      Distribution: Foothills of W Himalaya from Kashmir till Uttarakhand, N India, south till Deesa (Gujarat), Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh), Jharkhand, S W Bengal, Sambalpur and Chilika Lake (both Odisha).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM
    • 76c. Francolinus francolinus melanonotus Hume, 1888 [HB#239]
      Original Description: Francolinus melanonotus Hume, 1888 Stray Feathers 11 p.305 (Sylhet, Cachar, Garo & Khasi hills & Assam valley)
      Distribution: Sikkim, N Bengal, Assam, extreme E Arunachal, Khasi Hills (Meghalaya), and Manipur.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1889.5.10.1345 (Syntype).
      Specimens: ZSI, NUMUK, RBINS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, YPM
  
  
• Tetraogallus Gray, 1832 Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 2 pt11 pl.46 Tetraogallus nigellii Gray ; Type by monotypy = Tetraogallus himalayensis Gray, 1843
  • 77. Tibetan Snowcock Tetraogallus tibetanus Gould, 1854
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-I. CITES: Appendix I.
    • 77a. Tetraogallus tibetanus tibetanus Gould, 1854 [HB#229]
      Original Description: Tetraogallus Tibetanus Gould, 1854 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 21, no.250 p.47
      Distribution: Ladakh only.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH
    • 77b. Tetraogallus tibetanus aquilonifer Meinertzhagen & Meinertzhagen, 1926 [HB#230]
      Original Description: Tetraogallus tibetanus aquilonifer Meinertzhagen & Meinertzhagen, 1926 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 46 p.99 (Interior of Sikkim)
      Distribution: N Sikkim and NW Arunachal.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1889.5.10.1192 (Holotype).
      Specimens: NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH
    • [Tetraogallus tibetanus przewalskii Bianchi, 1907 ]
      Original Description: Tetraogallus tibetanus przewalskii Bianchi, 1907 Aves expeditionis P.K. Kozlowi per Mongoliam et Tibetiam orientalem 1899-1901 p.165
      Distribution: Mishmi hills (NE Arunachal).
      Notes: Subspecies centralis, not always recognised, is putative in NE Arunachal (RA2012). AR2001 includes Mishmi hills in its range without a reference.
  
  
  • 78. Himalayan Snowcock Tetraogallus himalayensis Gray, 1843
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 78a. Tetraogallus himalayensis himalayensis Gray, 1843 [HB#232]
      Original Description: Tetraogallus Himalayensis Gray, 1843 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 1, 0 no.114 p.105 (Himalaya)
      Distribution: Inner Himalaya of Gilgit (Ladakh), Jammu & Kashmir, W Ladakh, Himachal, and Uttarakhand.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1838.7.9.10 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NUMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, YPM, LKO
  
  
• Synoicus Gould, 1843 The Birds of Australia 5, pl. 89 and text Perdix australis Latham, 1801; Type by monotypy = Synoicus ypsilophora Latham, 1801
  • 79. Blue-breasted Quail Synoicus chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766)
    Alternative Names: King Quail, Asian Blue Quail
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 79a. Synoicus chinensis chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766) [HB#253]
      Original Description: Tetrao chinensis Linnaeus, 1766 Systema Naturæ. Editio duodecima reformata. Tomus I [part 1] 12, p.277
      Distribution: Plains of E India – mostly S W Bengal, Assam, adjoining E Arunachal, Meghalaya. and Manipur. Sporadic records from the country including a recent one from SW Karnataka. Historically reported as more widespread but absence of specimens make assessment difficult.
      Specimens: BNHS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, TNHM
    • 79b. Synoicus chinensis trinkutensis (Richmond, 1902) [HB#254]
      Original Description: Excalfactoria trinkutensis Richmond, 1902 Proceedings of the United States National Museum 26 p.310 (Trinkat Is., C Nicobar Is)
      Distribution: Car Nicobar Is., Kamorta Is. and Trinkat Is. (last two in C Nicobar group).
      Type Specimen: USNM#178575 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, USNM
  
  
• Coturnix Bonnaterre, 1791 Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Ornithologie. 2nd ed. 1 (47): p.lxxxvii "Caille" ; Type by tautonymy = Tetrao coturnix Linnaeus, 1758
  • 80. Japanese Quail Coturnix japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1849 [HB#251]
    Original Description: Coturnix vulgaris japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1849 Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per Japoniam, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, qui summum in India Batava imperium tenent, suscepto, annis 1825-1830 collegit, notis, observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit. Vol. 4. Aves p.103 pl.61
    Distribution: Vagrant. Known only from historical specimens from Bihar, Dibrugarh (Assam), and Manipur valley.
    Specimens: BNHS, USNM, YPM
    IUCN: Near Threatened. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: Identification of the BNHS specimen from Dibrugarh contentious (see Abdulali 1969, JBNHS 66 (2): 259) while Manipur specimens may be intermediates with Common Quail.
  
  
  • 81. Common Quail Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758)
    Taxonomy: Sometimes extralimital subspecies are not recognised and hence considered monotypic.
    Alternative Names: Grey Quail
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 81a. Coturnix coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758) [HB#250]
      Original Description: Tetrao Coturnix Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.161
      Distribution: Winter: Mostly N and NW India including Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra. Also, W Bengal and Assam in E India. Sporadically in C India and further south.
      Specimens: BNHS, UMZC, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, FTLB
      Notes: Intergrades with Japanese Quail reported from Manipur (AR2001). Status compounded by Rain Quail. Purportedly a breeding visitor or resident in N Punjab and Jammu & Kashmir (see RA 2012).
  
  
  • 82. Rain Quail Coturnix coromandelica (Gmelin, 1789) [HB#252]
    Original Description: Tetrao coromandelicus Gmelin, 1789 Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.764 (Coromandel Coast)
    Alternative Names: Black-breasted Quail
    Distribution: From the Himalayan foothills, south through W and C India through Deccan till the tip of the peninsula. Absent in most of SW coast, E India, high Himalaya, and Thar desert except for a few scattered records.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: Range compounded by Common Quail.
  
  
• Alectoris Kaup, 1829 Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt (etc.) p.180, 193 Perdix petrosa not of Gmelin ; Type by monotypy = Perdix barbara Bonnaterre, 1790
  • 83. Chukar Partridge Alectoris chukar (Gray, 1830)
    Alternative Names: Chukor, Chukar
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 83a. Alectoris chukar pallescens (Hume, 1873) [HB#235]
      Original Description: Caccabis pallescens Hume, 1873 Lahore to Yārkand (etc.) p.283 (Kharbu, Ladakh)
      Distribution: Gilgit, N Kashmir, and Ladakh.
      Specimens: BNHS, AMNH, FMNH
    • 83b. Alectoris chukar chukar (Gray, 1830) [HB#236]
      Original Description: Perdix Chukar Gray, 1830 Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F. R. S. 1 pt2 pl.54 (India)
      Distribution: W Himalaya of Kashmir, Zanskar, Himachal, and Uttarakhand.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, YPM, LKO
      Notes: The specimen from Darjeeling, N Bengal in NHM (Ogilvie-Grant 1893, Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum 22: 117) not considered definitive (see Manna et al. 2024, IB 20 (5): 125).
  
  
• Ophrysia Bonaparte, 1856 Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 43 p.414 Rollulus superciliosus Gray, 1846; Type by original designation
  • 84. Himalayan Quail Ophrysia superciliosa (Gray, 1846) [HB#280]
    Original Description: Rollulus superciliosus Gray, 1846 Gleanings from the menagerie and aviary at Knowsley Hall 1 p.8 pl.16 (Mussoorie)
    Alternative Names: Mountain Quail
    Distribution: Historically, restricted to certain pockets in Nainital and Dehradun districts.
    Type Specimen: NML#D259 (Syntype).
    Specimens: NHMUK, NML, RMNH, AMNH
    IUCN: Critically Endangered. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I.
    Endemic: Western Himalaya.
    Notes: Feared extinct. No authentic records since 1876.
  
  
• Perdicula Hodgson, 1837 The Bengal Sporting Magazine 9 p.344 Perdicula rubicola Hodgson, 1837; Type by original designation = Perdix asiatica Latham, 1790
  • 85. Jungle Bush-Quail Perdicula asiatica (Latham, 1790)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: Range of subspecies somewhat arbitrary.
    • 85a. Perdicula asiatica punjaubi Whistler, 1939 [HB#256]
      Original Description: Perdicula asiatica punjaubi Whistler, 1939 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 59 p.76 (Ambala, Haryana)
      Distribution: N India including Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal, Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, and adjoining Uttar Pradesh.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1889.5.10.597 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH
    • 85b. Perdicula asiatica asiatica (Latham, 1790) [HB#255]
      Original Description: Perdix asiatica Latham, 1790 Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 2 p.649 (Mahratta region, India)
      Distribution: Peninsula south of Delhi, west to E Rajasthan and Gujarat, C India, east till W Bengal, Deccan and south till the tip of the peninsula excluding the range of other subspecies.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM, YPM, HYD
    • 85c. Perdicula asiatica vidali Whistler & Kinnear, 1936 [HB#257]
      Original Description: Perdicula asiatica vidali Whistler & Kinnear, 1936 Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 38 p.686 (Kelshi, SW Maharashtra)
      Distribution: W Ghats and the W coast from about Mumbai south till the southern tip.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1889.5.10.65 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH, YPM
    • 85d. Perdicula asiatica vellorei Abdulali & Reuben, 1965 [HB#257a]
      Original Description: Perdicula asiatica vellorei Abdulali & Reuben, 1965 Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 61 p.688–691 (Vellore, North Arcot district, Tamil Nadu)
      Distribution: North Arcot district (Tamil Nadu) and presumably SE Ghats.
      Type Specimen: BNHS#21554 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS
  
  
  • 86. Rock Bush-Quail Perdicula argoondah (Sykes, 1832)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Endemic: Endemic to India.
    • 86a. Perdicula argoondah meinertzhageni Whistler, 1937 [HB#259]
      Original Description: Perdicula argoondah meinertzhageni Whistler, 1937 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 58 p.9 (Nasirabad, Ajmer district, Rajasthan)
      Distribution: N Peninsula from Delhi S through Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, N and C Madhya Pradesh.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1937.11.18.1 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, FMNH
    • 86b. Perdicula argoondah argoondah (Sykes, 1832) [HB#260]
      Original Description: Coturnix Argoondah Sykes, 1832 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 2 no.23 p.153 (Deccan [=Dukhun])
      Distribution: Peninsula from S Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra, Karnataka (except the extreme S) and sparingly in Tamil Nadu. Absent from W coast and W Ghats as well as the eastern portions of the country.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1880.1.1.3344 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, FMNH, YPM
      Notes: Reports from S Bengal need corroboration.
    • 86c. Perdicula argoondah salimalii Whistler, 1943 [HB#261]
      Original Description: Perdicula argoondah salimalii Whistler, 1943 Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 44 p.208 (Marikanive, Mysore)
      Distribution: Restricted to Chitradurga region of C Karnataka.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1949.Whi.1.17443 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK
  
  
  • 87. Painted Bush-Quail Perdicula erythrorhyncha (Sykes, 1832)
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Endemic: Endemic to India.
    • 87a. Perdicula erythrorhyncha blewitti (Hume, 1874) [HB#263]
      Original Description: Microperdix Blewitti Hume, 1874 Stray Feathers 2 p.512 (Raipur, Chhattisgarh)
      Distribution: C India from Satpuras (Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh), Chhattisgarh, east till the border of Odisha, as well as NE Andhra (Lambasingi).
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1889.5.10.720 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH
      Notes: No recent authentic records. Occurrence in Bihar, Odisha, and SW Bengal require corroboration.
    • 87b. Perdicula erythrorhyncha erythrorhyncha (Sykes, 1832) [HB#262]
      Original Description: Coturnix erythrorhyncha Sykes, 1832 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 2 no.23 p.153 (Karli valley, NW Maharashtra)
      Distribution: W Ghats and associated hills (e.g., Servarayan hills) from Mumbai till the southern tip.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1880.1.1.1965 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, AMNH, ROM, YPM, TNHM, LKO
  
  
  • 88. Manipur Bush-Quail Perdicula manipurensis Hume, 1881
    IUCN: Critically Endangered. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-I.
    Endemic: Assam Plains.
    • 88a. Perdicula manipurensis inglisi (Ogilvie-Grant, 1909) [HB#264]
      Original Description: Microperdix inglisi Ogilvie-Grant, 1909 Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 19 p.1 pl. (Goalpara, Assam)
      Distribution: Historically from the grassy plains of NE Bengal and Assam north of Brahmaputra till about Goalpara (C Assam).
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1908.5.7.1 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, RBINS, AMNH, YPM
      Notes: Reports further east of Goalpara not authenticated. No authentic record since 1907.
    • 88b. Perdicula manipurensis manipurensis Hume, 1881 [HB#265]
      Original Description: Perdicula manipurensis Hume, 1881 Stray Feathers 9 p.467 (Bases of the hills in the SE portion of the Manipur plains.)
      Distribution: Historically restricted to the Manipur valley.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1889.5.10.707 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, YPM
      Notes: Reports from Khasi, Naga, and Cachar hills not authenticated. No authentic record since 1929.