Birds of India - The New Synopsis

A complete checklist of bird species and subspecies found in India

Passeriformes (Perching Birds)

Turdidae (Thrushes and allies)

• Grandala Hodgson, 1843 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12 p.447 Grandala coelicolor Hodgson, 1843; Type by monotypy
  • 1088. Grandala Grandala coelicolor Hodgson, 1843 [HB#1683]
    Original Description: Gr.(andala) côelicolar Hodgson, 1843 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 12 p.447
    Taxonomy: Syntype (NHMUK #1844.12.27.1) from northern regions of Cachar not accepted here.
    Alternative Names: Hodgson's Grandala
    Distribution: Kashmir (sporadic), Ladakh (sporadic), Himachal, N Uttarakhand, N Sikkim, N Bengal (historical), and NW Arunachal (Sela).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
• Zoothera Vigors, 1832 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 no.14 p. 172 Zoothera monticola Vigors, 1832; Type by monotypy
  • 1089. Long-tailed Thrush Zoothera dixoni (Seebohm, 1881) [HB#1740]
    Original Description: Geocichla dixoni Seebohm, 1881 Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 5 p.161 (Himalaya, Nepal and Darjeeling)
    Alternative Names: Long-tailed Mountain Thrush
    Distribution: Along the Himalaya from Himachal till Arunachal. Winter: Also in Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Manipur (historical).
    Type Specimen: NHMUK#1896.6.1.102 (Syntype).
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, ROM, USNM, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: Winter distribution in Cachar (AR2001) not investigated.
  
  
  • 1090. Alpine Thrush Zoothera mollissima (Blyth, 1842) [HB#1738-1739]
    Original Description: T.(urdus) mollissimus Blyth, 1842 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11 p.188 (Darjeeling)
    Taxonomy: Includes whiteheadi Baker 1913 and simlaensis Baker 1924 from Shimla – both names for the W Himalayan population in AR2001 and RA2012 – however, Alström et al. (2016, Avian Research 7 (1): 16) found this population not diagnosable from the E Himalayan population. They also considered Blyth's holotype is now lost. ZSI#35555, listed as syntype, is infact the type specimen of Z. rostrata (Hodgson 1845), a synonym of this taxon.
    Alternative Names: Plain-backed Mountain Thrush/Plain-backed Thrush (with Z. salimalii)
    Distribution: Along the Himalaya from Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, and Arunachal. Winter: Extending to Khasi hills (Meghalaya) and Manipur (historical) sporadically.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, RBINS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM, YPM, TNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: Winter distribution in Cachar (AR2001) not investigated. Nagaland reports are likely true, but not investigated here. Not all museum specimens from E Himalaya validated aganist Himalayan Thrush Z. salimali.
  
  
  • 1091. Himalayan Thrush Zoothera salimalii Alström et al., 2016
    Original Description: Zoothera salimalii Alström et al., 2016 Avian Research 7 (1) 1–39 (Mawphlang, Khasi hills, Meghalaya)
    Alternative Names: Himalayan Forest Thrush
    Distribution: N Bengal, Sikkim, and W Arunachal.
    Type Specimen: UMMZ#181969 (Holotype).
    Specimens: NHMUK, UMMZ, MCZ, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 1092. Dark-sided Thrush Zoothera marginata Blyth, 1847 [HB#1746]
    Original Description: Z.(oothera) marginata Blyth, 1847 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16 p.141
    Taxonomy: Includes tenebrosa Koelz 1952 from Nichuguard, Nagaland.
    Alternative Names: Lesser Brown Thrush, Dark-sided Ground Thrush
    Distribution: C Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, and Mizoram.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, ROM, USNM, YPM, TNHM, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: Silchar report may be correct, but not verified here.
  
  
  • 1093. Long-billed Thrush Zoothera monticola Vigors, 1832
    Alternative Names: Large Brown Thrush, Long-billed Ground Thrush
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1093a. Zoothera monticola monticola Vigors, 1832 [HB#1745]
      Original Description: Zoothera monticola Vigors, 1832 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London Part 1 no.14 p.172 (Shimla-Almora districts, W Himalaya)
      Taxonomy: Includes tenebricola Koelz 1954 from Sangau, Mizoram.
      Distribution: Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur (historical), Mizoram, and Tripura.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, LKO
  
  
  • 1094. White's Thrush Zoothera aurea (Holandre, 1825)
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Recent addition. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1094a. Zoothera aurea aurea (Holandre, 1825) [HB#1744]
      Original Description: Turdus aureus Holandre, 1825 Annuaire Statistique et Historique du Departement de la Moselle, pour l'Année 1825, publié par Verronais p.60
      Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Dibrugarh (E Assam) and Namdapha (E Arunachal).
      Specimens: ZSI, AMNH
      Notes: See Praveen et al. (2023, IB 18 (6): 181)
  
  
  • 1095. Scaly Thrush Zoothera dauma (Latham, 1790)
    Alternative Names: Scaly Mountain Thrush, Small-billed Mountain Thrush, Small-billed Scaly Thrush
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1095a. Zoothera dauma dauma (Latham, 1790) [HB#1741]
      Original Description: Turdus Dauma Latham, 1790 Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.362 (Kashmir)
      Taxonomy: Consistent colour variation in the birds in W Himalaya from the NE India ones; no subspecies ascribed though (RA2012). Praveen et al. (2023, IB 18 (6): 182) could not establish the correct identity of BNHS#26346 and it may belong to Z. d. socia Thayer and Bangs 1912, a taxon which is currently synonymised with the nominate subspecies.
      Distribution: Summer: Kashmir (historical), Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, W Arunachal, and Nagaland. Winter: Extending through the peninsula to Delhi region, Bharatpur, E Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh (Raipur, historical), S W Bengal, N Odisha as south as Maharashtra (Melghat in Amaravati and Kamptee in Nagpur) and vagrant further south; also, in NE India in Assam, Meghalaya, Cachar, Mizoram, and Tripura.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, LKO
  
  
  • 1096. Nilgiri Thrush Zoothera neilgherriensis (Blyth, 1847) [HB#1742]
    Original Description: O.(reocincla) neilgherriensis Blyth, 1847 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol. 16, N° 2 p. 141-142 (Nilgiris)
    Distribution: W Ghats – sporadic in SW Maharashtra (once), Londa (once, historical) but more regularly from Shivamogga south through Nilgiris, Munnar, and Palani hills and further south in Cardomom, Pandalam, and Agasthyamala hills. Also reported from eastern extensions like Biligirirangans.
    Type Specimen: ZSI#35558 (Syntype).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH, TNHM
    IUCN: Not Recognised. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-I.
    Endemic: Western Ghats.
    Notes: Mostly concentrated in the high plateaus of Nilgiris and Munnar. Some birds regularly moving to coastal plains (e.g., sacred groves).
  
  
• Cochoa Hodgson, 1836 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5 p.359 Cochoa purpurea Hodgson, 1836; Type by original designation
  • 1097. Purple Cochoa Cochoa purpurea Hodgson, 1836 [HB#1690]
    Original Description: Cochoa purpurea Hodgson, 1836 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5 p.359
    Distribution: Himachal (sporadic), Uttarakhand (sporadic), N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, E Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, and Mizoram.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: See Lahiri & Sonowal (2020, IB (5): 147).
  
  
  • 1098. Green Cochoa Cochoa viridis Hodgson, 1836 [HB#1691]
    Original Description: Co.(choa) Viridis Hodgson, 1836 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5 p.359,360
    Taxonomy: Includes rothschildi Baker 1924 from Sikkim.
    Distribution: E Uttarakhand (historical), N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, and Mizoram.
    Specimens: NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: See Lahiri & Sonowal (2020, IB (5): 147).
  
  
• Geokichla Müller, 1835 Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 2, pt. 3 p.348,349 Turdus citrinus Latham, 1790; Type by original designation
  • 1099. Siberian Thrush Geokichla sibirica (Pallas, 1776)
    Alternative Names: White-browed Ground Thrush
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1099a. Geokichla sibirica sibirica (Pallas, 1776) [HB#1732]
      Original Description: Turdus sibiricus Pallas, 1776 Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.694
      Distribution: Vagrant. Porbandar (Gujarat), Sundarbans (S W Bengal), Manipur (historical), Port Blair and Chidiyatapu (both S Andaman Is.), Little Andaman Is., and Kamorta (C Nicobar Is.).
      Notes: Apparently collected from Manipur by Hume, but the specimen has not been located in NHMUK. For other reports, subspecies assumed on range.
    • 1099b. Geokichla sibirica davisoni (Hume, 1877) [HB#1732a]
      Original Description: Turdulus Davisoni Hume, 1877 Stray Feathers Vol. 5, N° 1 p.63 (in text)
      Distribution: Vagrant. Mahabaleshwar (W Maharashtra) and Narcondam Is. only.
      Specimens: BNHS
  
  
  • 1100. Pied Thrush Geokichla wardii (Blyth, 1843) [HB#1731]
    Original Description: T.(urdus) Wardii Blyth, 1843 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11 p.882 (Mysuru, Karnataka)
    Alternative Names: Pied Ground Thrush
    Distribution: Summer: Himachal (sporadic), Uttarakhand, and N Bengal. Winter: Locally in S India – Nandi hills (Bengaluru), Chamundi hills (Mysure), Nilgiris and Servarayan hills in Tamil Nadu, and Munnar hills in Kerala. During migration, from W Ghats south of Bababudan hills till Agasthyamala hills as well as SE Ghats and E coastal plains. Also reported NE Ghats of Andhra, possibly wintering; also, from Kolkata and Garo hills during migration.
    Type Specimen: NHMUK#1847.3.18.12 (Holotype).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, TNHM, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: Rather restricted wintering range in Sri Lanka and a few localities in S India. Reports from Cachar and Arunachal are not considered definitive here.
  
  
  • 1101. Orange-headed Thrush Geokichla citrina (Latham, 1790)
    Alternative Names: Orange-headed Ground Thrush; White-throated Ground Thrush G. c. cyanota
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1101a. Geokichla citrina citrina (Latham, 1790) [HB#1733]
      Original Description: Turdus citrinus Latham, 1790 Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.350 (Cachar, Assam)
      Distribution: Summer: Himalayan foothills from Jammu, through Himachal, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, N Bengal, Arunachal, adjoining Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, and Mizoram. Winter: W Himalayan population spreading to N plains, E Rajasthan, Bihar, W Bengal, Assam, and all NE hill states; sporadically in the rest of the peninsula in Odisha, Andhra, S Karnataka, W Tamil Nadu, and Kerala.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, TNHM
    • 1101b. Geokichla citrina cyanota (Jardine & Selby, 1828) [HB#1734]
      Original Description: Turdus cyanotus Jardine & Selby, 1828 Illustrations of ornithology 2, Addenda, sign. D 2 pl. 46 (Bengaluru)
      Taxonomy: Includes amadoni Biswas 1951 from Chanda, Central Provinces [=Madhya Pradesh].
      Distribution: Mt. Abu (SW Rajasthan), Gujarat, C Indian highlands in Madhya Pradesh, E Maharashtra, and Chhattisgarh; NE Ghats from Odisha through N Andhra, CE Ghats, and SE Ghats; W Ghats and adjacent midlands and plains from Surat Dangs till S Kerala and Tamil Nadu; locally in Deccan.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1886.6.24.258 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, TNHM, HYD, FTLB
    • 1101c. Geokichla citrina melli (Stresemann, 1923)
      Original Description: Turdus citrinus melli Stresemann, 1923 Journal für Ornithologie 71 p.365
      Taxonomy: Subspecies courtoisi Hartert 1919 of Anhui province, China and aurimacula Hartert 1910 of Hainan, China and C Indochina are similar, and can be eliminated only on morphometrics. However, the record from Narcondam Is. is tentatively treated here as melli as it has the largest breeding range amongst all three and is also migratory.
      Distribution: Narcondam Is. (once).
      Notes: See Sivaperuman et al. (2022, IB 18 (1): 5).
    • 1101d. Geokichla citrina andamanensis Walden, 1874 [HB#1735]
      Original Description: Geocichla andamanensis Walden, 1874 The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany, and Geology ser. 4, vol. XIV, N° 80 p.156 (Andaman Is)
      Distribution: N, Middle, S, and Little Andaman Is. as well as the islets of Landfall, Interview, Long, Outram, Nicholson, Havelock, Neil, Ross (Netaji), Tarmugli, Boat, Jolly Buoy, and S Cinque Is.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1888.2.20.449 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, MCZ
    • 1101e. Geokichla citrina albogularis Blyth, 1847 [HB#1736]
      Original Description: G.(eocichla) albogularis Blyth, 1847 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol. 16, N° 2 p.146 (in text) (Nicobar Is)
      Distribution: C Nicobar Is. (Tillanchong, Teresa, Bompoka, Trinket, Nancowry, Kamorta, and Katchal Is.), and Great Nicobar Is.
      Type Specimen: ZSI#18839 (Holotype or Syntype?).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, ROM
  
  
• Turdus Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.168 Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus, 1758; Type by subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus, p.27)
  • 1102. Chinese Thrush Turdus mupinensis Laubmann, 1920
    Original Description: Turdus mupinensis Laubmann, 1920 Ornithologische Monatsberichte 28 p.17
    Distribution: Vagrant. Reported only from Namdapha (Arunachal).
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: See Rajagopal & Inskipp (2014, IB 9 (5&6): 156).
  
  
  • 1103. Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus, 1758
    Original Description: Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.168
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1103a. Turdus viscivorus bonapartei Cabanis, 1860 [HB#1768]
      Original Description: T.(urdus) Bonapartei Cabanis, 1860 Journal für Ornithologie 8. Jahrgang, III. Heft, No. 45 p.183 (Himalaya)
      Distribution: W Himalaya of Gilgit, Ladakh (sporadic), Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, and Uttarakhand.
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM, YPM, LKO
  
  
  • 1104. Song Thrush Turdus philomelos Brehm, 1831
    Original Description: Turdus philomelos Brehm, 1831 Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vögel Deutschlands p.382
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Delany et al. (2014, IB 9 (1): 9), Chhabra et al. (2017, IB 13 (2): 55).
    • 1104a. Turdus philomelos nataliae Buturlin, 1929 [HB#1762a]
      Original Description: Turdus philomelus nataliae Buturlin, 1929 Sistematicheskie Zametki o Ptitsakh Severnogo Kavkaza p.15
      Distribution: Four records – Leh (Ladakh), Bharatpur (E Rajasthan), Harike (Punjab), and Delhi region.
      Notes: Reports tentatively included here as it is the eastern most breeding population and the most likely ones to straggle to India during its migration to NE Africa.
  
  
  • 1105. Chinese Blackbird Turdus mandarinus Bonaparte, 1850
    Original Description: T.[urdus] mandarinus Bonaparte, 1850 Conspectus generum avium 1 p. 275
    Alternative Names: Eastern Blackbird
    Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Narcondam Is. and S Andaman Is.
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Recent addition. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Sivaperuman et al. (2022, IB 18 (1): 5).
  
  
  • 1106. White-backed Thrush Turdus kessleri (Przevalski, 1876) [HB#1760]
    Original Description: Merula Kessleri Przevalski, 1876 Mongoliya i strana tangutov: trekhletneye puteshestviye v vostochnoy nagornoy Azii 2 p.62 pl.10
    Alternative Names: Kessler's Thrush
    Distribution: Winter: E Himalaya from Sikkim, N Bengal, W and E Arunachal.
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Baruah et al. (2016, IB 11 (3): 77).
  
  
  • 1107. Tibetan Blackbird Turdus maximus (Seebohm, 1881) [HB#1752]
    Original Description: Merula maxima Seebohm, 1881 Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 22 p. 405 (Gulmarg, Kashmir)
    Taxonomy: Taxonomy of Gilgit birds need revision; intergrades with Common Blackbird T. merula intermedius possible. N Sikkim and N Arunachal birds belong to putative subspecies buddae R. & A. Meinertzhagen 1926 which is currently treated as a synonym.
    Distribution: Along the Himalaya from Kashmir, Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, and W Arunachal.
    Type Specimen: NHMUK#1888.2.20.583 (Syntype).
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: High. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 1108. Fieldfare Turdus pilaris Linnaeus, 1758 [HB#1766]
    Original Description: Turdus pilaris Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata 1 p.168
    Distribution: Vagrant. Reported from Teesta Bazaar (N Bengal-Sikkim border) and Hanle (Ladakh).
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Banerjee & Inskipp (2013, IB 8 (3): 77). The Saharanpur specimen (NHMUK#1880.1.1.8739) not accepted here as its provenance has been questioned (RA2012).
  
  
  • 1109. White-collared Blackbird Turdus albocinctus Royle, 1840 [HB#1749]
    Original Description: T.(urdus) albocinctus Royle, 1840 Illustrations of the botany and other branches of the natural history of the Himalayan mountains, and of the flora of Cashmere 1 p.77,78 (Himalaya)
    Taxonomy: Includes here albicollis Royle 1835 from 'Himalayas'.
    Distribution: Along the Himalaya from Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal; sporadically in Khasi hills (Meghalaya, historical), Nagaland, and Manipur (historical).
    Type Specimen: NHMUK#1880.1.1.1988 (Holotype).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    Notes: Reported from Cachar as well, not investigated.
  
  
  • 1110. Chestnut Thrush Turdus rubrocanus Gray & Gray, 1847
    Alternative Names: Grey-headed Thrush
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    • 1110a. Turdus rubrocanus rubrocanus Gray & Gray, 1847 [HB#1758]
      Original Description: Turdus rubrocanus Gray & Gray, 1847 Catalogue of the specimens and drawings of mammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. to the British Museum p.81
      Distribution: Winter: Along the Himalaya from Kashmir, Ladakh, Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, W Assam, Meghalaya, Cachar, and Tripura.
      Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, RBINS, UMMZ, FMNH, ROM, USNM, YPM
      Notes: Cachar and Tripura sight reports tentatively included under this subspecies – investigation needed.
    • 1110b. Turdus rubrocanus gouldii (Verreaux, 1871) [HB#1759]
      Original Description: Merula Gouldi Verreaux, 1871 Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Bulletin Tome 6, Bulletin N° 7 p.34
      Distribution: Winter: Sikkim, Arunachal, E Assam, Nagaland, and Mizoram; straggler to W Bengal.
      Notes: Listing here based on several photos from NE India and Sikkim; where intergrades also occur. ZSI #29433 from Nagaland not examined.
  
  
  • 1111. Red-throated Thrush Turdus ruficollis Pallas, 1776 [HB#1764]
    Original Description: Turdus ruficollis Pallas, 1776 Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs 3 p.694
    Alternative Names: Dark-throated Thrush (with T. atrogularis); Rufous-throated Thrush
    Distribution: Winter: Sporadic in W Himalaya – from Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, and Uttarakhand; Regular in E Himalaya from N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal and sporadic further south in Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, and Tripura.
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH, ROM, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Abhinav & Raval (2019, IB 15 (3): 85). An exceptional report of a vagrant in Karnataka not evaluated here.
  
  
  • 1112. Black-throated Thrush Turdus atrogularis Jarocki, 1819 [HB#1763]
    Original Description: Turdus atrogularis Jarocki, 1819 Spis ptaków w gabinecie Zoologicznym Królewsko Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu znayduiących się a podług naynowszego systemu ustawionych p. 14
    Distribution: Winter: Along the Himalaya from Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, all NE hill states; sporadically into the plains and other parts of subcontinent – in Punjab, Haryana, Delhi region, Bharatpur, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Gujarat, S W Bengal, and further south to Telangana (once, historical).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, RBINS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 1113. Naumann's Thrush Turdus naumanni Temminck, 1820
    Original Description: Turdus naumanni Temminck, 1820 Manuel d'ornithologie, ou tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (etc.) ed.2, part 1 p.170
    Taxonomy: Hybrids with Dusky Thrush more common in the region.
    Distribution: Vagrant. Pure birds reported only from Mandala (Arunachal) and Leh (Ladakh).
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Haribaruah et al. (2019, IB 15 (1): 11) and Abhinav et al. (2022, IB 18 (4): 99).
  
  
  • 1114. Dusky Thrush Turdus eunomus Temminck, 1831 [HB#1765]
    Original Description: Turdus eunomus Temminck, 1831 Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr. 87, vol. 2 pl. 514
    Taxonomy: Intermediates with Naumann's Thrush reported across the Himalaya from Ladakh till E Arunachal (see Dalvi et al. 2017, IB 12 (6): 157; Abhinav et al. 2022, IB 18 (4): 99).
    Distribution: Winter: Arunachal – but reported sporadically from Ladakh, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, and Sikkim.
    Specimens: BNHS, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: See Ash & Ghatak (2020, IB 15 (6): 191).
  
  
  • 1115. Grey-winged Blackbird Turdus boulboul (Latham, 1790) [HB#1750]
    Original Description: Lanius boulboul Latham, 1790 Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. 1 p.80 (Darjeeling)
    Distribution: Along the Himalaya from Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, and Arunachal. Winter: Locally in N plains – Punjab, Haryana, Delhi region, Bharatpur, and Lucknow; also in lower Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Cachar, Manipur, and Mizoram.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, BNHM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
  • 1116. Indian Blackbird Turdus simillimus Jerdon, 1839
    Alternative Names: [Blackbird, Common Blackbird]
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II.
    • 1116a. Turdus simillimus nigropileus (de Lafresnaye, 1840) [HB#1753-1754]
      Original Description: Merula nigropileus de Lafresnaye, 1840 Revue Zoologique, par la Société Cuvierienne 3ème Année p.65 (Neilgherries, restricted to Kalhatti, N. Nilgiri plateau)
      Taxonomy: Includes mahrattensis Whistler & Kinnear (1932) from Mahabaleshwar, W Maharashtra and spenci Whistler & Kinnear (1932) from Jeypore (NE Ghats), Odisha.
      Distribution: Indian peninsular hills from E Rajasthan till Mt. Abu, C Indian highlands, NW Ghats of Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Goa as well as E Ghats. Winter: Extending locally in Deccan hillocks, CW and SW Ghats as well as locally in W coastal midlands and plains.
      Type Specimen: MCZ#76502 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, RBINS, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, YPM, LKO
    • 1116b. Turdus simillimus simillimus Jerdon, 1839 [HB#1755]
      Original Description: Turdus simillimus Jerdon, 1839 Madras Journal of Literature and Science 10 no.25 p.253-254 (Neilgherries, restricted to Avalanche)
      Distribution: CW Ghats as well as SW Ghats – from Bababudan hills, Kudremukh, Kodagu, Biligirirangans, Nilgiris, and Palakkad hills till the Palakkad gap.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1845.1.10.13 (Syntype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, AMNH, FMNH, YPM, LKO
    • 1116c. Turdus simillimus bourdilloni (Seebohm, 1881) [HB#1756]
      Original Description: Merula bourdilloni Seebohm, 1881 Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 22 p.234, p.251-252, pl. XV (Kulathupuzha [=Colathoorpolay] Patnas, Travancore, S India)
      Taxonomy: Intergrades with the nominate subspecies in Peechi and Nelliampathies.
      Distribution: SW Ghats from roughly south of Peechi and Nelliampathies till the southern tip in Kalakkad; extending to outcrops of Palani and Varusanadu hills.
      Type Specimen: NHMUK#1880.8.19.202 (Holotype).
      Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, AMNH, YPM, LKO
  
  
  • 1117. Japanese Thrush Turdus cardis Temminck, 1831
    Original Description: Turdus cardis Temminck, 1831 Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon livr.87 pl.518
    Distribution: Winter: W Kameng (once) and Walong (once) – both in Arunachal.
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: Shah et al. (2021, IB 17 (1): 15), Nanda et al. (2022, IB 18 (3): 91).
  
  
  • 1118. Tickell's Thrush Turdus unicolor Tickell, 1833 [HB#1748]
    Original Description: T.(urdus) unicolor Tickell, 1833 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2 p.577 (Banshgari [=Bansigar], Jharkhand)
    Taxonomy: Includes subbicolor Koelz 1954 from Mawphlang, Khasi hills, Meghalaya.
    Distribution: Summer: Gilgit, Ladakh, Kashmir, Himachal, Uttarakhand, N Bengal, Sikkim, and W Arunachal. Winter: Throughout the Peninsula from the lower Himalayan foothills, Delhi region, E Rajasthan, W Gujarat, Kathiawar (local), C India through Madhya Pradesh, N Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand, and S W Bengal; NW and CW Ghats; NE and CE Ghats; locally in Deccan hillocks, south to S Karnataka and rarely in N Tamil Nadu.
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, ROM, USNM, YPM, LKO
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Low. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 1119. Black-breasted Thrush Turdus dissimilis Blyth, 1847 [HB#1747]
    Original Description: T.(urdus) dissimilis Blyth, 1847 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 16 p.144 (Lower Bengal)
    Taxonomy: Includes protomomelas Cabanis 1867 from 'Himalaya'.
    Distribution: Assam, Arunachal, all NE hill states, sporadic in N Bengal, S W Bengal and once to Odisha (Kuldiha).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, AMNH, USNM, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. SoIB: Moderate. WLPA: Schedule-II.
  
  
  • 1120. Eyebrowed Thrush Turdus obscurus Gmelin, 1789 [HB#1762]
    Original Description: Turdus obscurus Gmelin, 1789 Systema Naturae. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin (etc.). Tomus I. Pars II 1 pt2 p.816
    Alternative Names: Dark Thrush
    Distribution: Winter: N Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal, Assam, all NE hill states, Andaman Is.; sporadially during migration elsewhere in Uttarakhand, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, W Bengal, Odisha, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, as well as Narcondam and Tillanchong Is (C Nicobar).
    Specimens: BNHS, ZSI, NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH, USNM, YPM
    IUCN: Least Concern. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
  
  
  • 1121. Grey-sided Thrush Turdus feae (Salvadori, 1887) [HB#1761]
    Original Description: Merula Feae Salvadori, 1887 Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 25 p.514,610
    Taxonomy: Includes subpallidus Hume 1888 from 'Eastern hills, Manipur'.
    Alternative Names: Fea's Thrush
    Distribution: Winter: Nagaland, Khasi hills (Meghalaya), Cachar (historical), Manipur, and Mizoram; N Bengal (sporadic).
    Specimens: NHMUK, UMMZ, FMNH
    IUCN: Vulnerable. WLPA: Schedule-II. CMS: Appendix II.
    Notes: Mention of the species in Nilgiris and Point Calimere in AR2001 refer to Eye-browed Thrush.